Chapter 6 Flashcards
DEFINE
Cerebral Lateralization
A preference for using one side of the body
Left-handed => preference for right hemisphere
EXPLAIN
Brain Plasticity
The idea that the brain is shaped by experience
DEFINE
Synaptic Pruning
The process in which the brain removes neurons and synapses that it deems it does not use or need
DEFINE
Synaptic Pruning
The process in which the brain removes neurons and synapses that it does not use/need
DEFINE
Myelinization
The process in which neurons are coated with the myelin shealth
DEFINE
Myelinization
The process in which neurons are coated with the myelin sheath
EXPLAIN
When is the sensory pathways myelinated?
At birth
EXPLAIN
When are the sensory pathways myelinated?
At birth
EXPLAIN
When is the frontal cortex fully myelinated?
Adolescence or early adulthood
EXPLAIN
When is the frontal cortex fully myelinated?
Adoolescence or early adulthood
EXPLAIN
At what month does 90% of infants master lifting their head while on their stomach?
3.2 months
EXPLAIN
At what month does 90% of infants master rolling over?
4.7 months
EXPLAIN
At what month does 90% of infants master sitting up without support?
7.8 months
EXPLAIN
At what month does 90% of infants master crawling?
9 months
EXPLAIN
At what month does 90% of infants master standing alone?
13.9 months
EXPLAIN
At what month does 90% of infants master walking?
14.3 months
DEFINE
What is the maturational viewpoint of motor development?
The unfolding of a genetically programmed series of events; determined by internal factors that are controlled by genes
DEFINE
What is the Experimental hypothesis of motor development?
The belief that the opportunities to practice motor skills is important to their development
DEFINE
What is the Dynamical Systems Theory of motor development?
The belief that new skills are active reorganization of existing skills
* Enviroment provides motivation, maturation provdes foundation
LIST
What are the 2 types of fine motor development?
- Voluntary Reaching
- Manipulatory Skills
EXPLAIN
When does Voluntary Reaching emerge?
3 months old
LIST
What are the 2 types of manipulatory skills?
- Ulnar Grasp
- Pincer Grasp
DEFINE
Ulnar grasp
- emerges at 4 to 5 months
- Method of grasping with a full hand
DEFINE
Pincer Grasp
- Develops at 6 to 12 months
- The ability to hold something using just the thumb and pointer finger
DEFINE
Optical Flow
The patterns of motion that we perceive
Depth perception, balance, coordination
DEFINE
Menarche
The start of puberty
DEFINE
Spermarche
The start of sperm production
DEFINE
Thyroid gland
- Operates prenatally
- produces thyroxine to promote brain and nervous system development
DEFINE
Pituitary Gland
- Regulates endocrine system
- Produces growth hormones
LIST
What are the 2 discussed nutritional diseases?
- Marasmus: Insufficient protein and calories as infants
- Kwashiorkor: Insufficent protein while receiving enough calories; Abdomen, face and legs swell
