Chapter 10 Flashcards
EXPLAIN
What is the Psychometric Approach?
a method of measuring human traits and abilities through psychological tests and questionnaires
LIST
What are the 2 categories of structures of intelligence?
- Singular-component theory of intelligence
- Multicomponent theories of intelligence
EXPLAIN
What is the Binet-Simon Test?
A test to determine a person’s mental age in terms of intelligence
LIST
What are the 2 factor analysis approaches discussed in class?
- Spearman (g and s factors)
- Thurstone (7 distinct mental abilities)
EXPLAIN
What does Spearman’s theory of intelligence involve?
Spearman believed that there were 2 types of intelligence: a general mental factor (g) and special abilities (s)
EXPLAIN
What does Thurstone’s theory of intelligence involve?
Thurstone believed that there were 7 distinct categories of mental abilities people can have, having different levels of skills in each
LIST
What are the 7 distinct mental abilities that Thurstone discussed in his theory of intelligence?
- Verbal comprehension
- Word fluency
- Numerical ability
- Spatial visualization
- Associative memory
- Perceptual speed
- Reasoning
EXPLAIN
What is the structure-of-intellect model?
A model of understanding intelligence by organizing it along 3 different dmensions
WHO, WHY, WHERE?
Who came up with the structure-of-intellect model?
Guilford
LIST
What are the 3 dimensions of intelligence in the structure of intellect model?
- Operations (Mental processes)
- Content (information types)
- Products (outputs using knowledge)
DEFINE
Fluid Intelligence
The ability to think abstractly in problem solving
DEFINE
Crystallized Intelligence
Intelligence based on accumulated knowledge and experiences
WHO, WHY, WHERE?
Who coined the terms fluid and crystallized intelligence?
Cattell and Horn
EXPLAIN
What is the three-stratum theory of intelligence?
a model of understanding intelligence that sorts cognitive abilities into 3 seperate stages, or ‘strata’s of intelligence
EXPLAIN
What is the triarchic theory of intelligence?
a theory that sorts intelligence into 3 distinct types of intelligence
WHO, WHY, WHERE?
who came up with the Three-stratum Theory of Intelligence?
John Carroll
LIST
What are the 3 strata in the three-stratum theory of intelligence?
- Stratum I: Narrow abilities
- Stratum II: Broad abilities
- Stratum III: General abilities
EXPLAIN
What is the triarchic theory of intelligence?
a theory that sorts intelligence into 3 distinct types of intelligence
WHO, WHY, WHERE?
Who came up with the triarchic theory?
Sternburg
LIST
What are the 3 distinct types of intelligence in the triarchic theory of intelligence?
- Experimental
- Information-processing
- Contextual
EXPLAIN
What is the theory of multiple intelligences?
A theory that proposes the existance of 9 independant types of intelligence
WHO, WHY, WHERE?
Who came up with the theory of multiple intelligences?
Gardner
LIST
What are the 9 types of intelligence that is proposed in the theory of multiple intelligences?
- Linguistic
- Spatial
- Logical-Mathematical
- Musical
- Body-Kinesthetic
- Interpersonal
- Intrapersonal
- Naturalistic
- Existential
EXPLAIN
How was IQ originally determined using the Standford-Binet Intelligence scale?
IQ = (Mental age / Chronological age) x 100
EXPLAIN
How are IQ tests performed now?
Using test norms and deviation IQ
EXPLAIN
What is the Wechsler Scale?
a series of IQ tests that measure a person’s intellectual ability
EXPLAIN
What is the Kaufman Assessment Battery for children?
An intelligence test that is based on information-processing theory
EXPLAIN
What is the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
A test that is designed to assess the intelligence of infants 2 to 30 months, using motor, mental and behavioural aspects
Uses Developmental Quotient
EXPLAIN
What is the cummulative deficit hypothesis?
The idea that children from deprived backgrounds experience a cumulative decline in their development and achievement across their lifespan
LIST
What are the 3 criterias for an intellectual disability?
- deficits in intellectual functioning
- Deficits in adaptive functioning
- Onset during the developmental period
EXPLAIN
What is the flynn effect?
a generational phenomenon in which average IQ scores have been found to increase across time in developed countries at a consistent rate of approximately 0.33 points per year
EXPLAIN
What is the HOME inventory?
A measurement of intellectual stimulation occuring in the home
DEFINE
Stereotype Threat
the anxiousness a person feels when they are in a situation where they could confirm a negative stereotype about their group, potentially leading to underperformance or behaviors that reinforce the stereotype
