Chapter 13

Question 1

DEFINE

Proprioceptive Feedback

Answer 1

Sensory information from muscles, tendons, and joints that help us understand where we are located in space

Question 2

EXPLAIN

What is the Hierarchial Model of Childhood self-esteem?

Answer 2

A model that outlines the 5 domains that make up a child’s self-esteem

Question 3

WHO, WHY, WHERE?

Who came up with the Hierarchy model of childhood self-esteem?

Answer 3

Susan Harter

Question 4

LIST

What are the 5 domains in the hierarchial model of childhood self-esteem?

Answer 4

1. Scholastic Compotence
2. Social Acceptance
3. Physical Appearance
4. Athletic Competence
5. Behavioural Conduct

Question 5

EXPLAIN

How does a child’s self rating of their self-steem differ from ages 4 to 7 compared to at age 8?

Answer 5

Age 5-7: Rates themselves positive on all domains
Age 8: Rating changes to be similar to other’s evaluation of them

Question 6

EXPLAIN

What is the contingencies of self-worth scale?

Answer 6

a 35-item measure that assesses 7 sources of self-esteem

Suggests that domain-specific evaluations are only important if the child puts importance on that specific domain

Question 7

LIST

What are the 3 stages of development of acheivement motivation?

Early phases

Answer 7

1. Joy in mastery (infancy to 2 years)
2. Approval-Seeking (Age 2)
3. Use of standards (Age 3+)

Question 8

DEFINE

Attribution Retraining

Answer 8

Intervention designed to see failure as a lack of effort, not a lack of ability

Question 9

DEFINE

Person Perception

Answer 9

The ability to attribute characteristics onto others

Question 10

EXPLAIN

How do kids under the age of 8 attribtute traits onto others?

Answer 10

Using concrete terms, but are aware of behavioural consistencies

Question 11

EXPLAIN

How do kids over the age of 8 attribute traits onto others?

Answer 11

Use of psychological descriptors and reconition of socially acceptable responses

dispositional and situational

Question 12

EXPLAIN

What is the role-taking theory?

Answer 12

a theory that individuals understand others’ actions and behaviors by imagining themselves in the other person’s position

Similar to Theory of Mind Model

Question 13

WHO, WHY, WHERE?

Who proposed the role-taking theory?

Answer 13

Robert Selman

Question 14

EXPLAIN

What are the 5 stages of role-taking theory?

Answer 14

1. Egocentric: Unable to differentiate other perspectives
2. Social-informational: Begin to understand others have accessing to different information, altering their perspectives
3. Self-Reflective: Ability to “Put themselves in someone else’s shoes”
4. Mutual Role-taking: Can look at situations impartially
5. Societal Role-taking: now understand that the third-party perspective can be influenced by social or cultural factors