Chapter 4 Flashcards
DEFINE
Germinal Period
What happens during germinal period
Conception to implantation in uterine wall
DEFINE
Period of the embryo
What week period
Week 3 to week 8
DEFINE
Period of the Fetus
What weeks period
Week 9 to birth
EXPLAIN
What are the 4 support structures that develop after implantation?
- Amnion: Thin film that coats the inner walls of the placenta and fills with fluid to protect the baby
- Chorion: A membrane layer between the placenta wall and the Amnion and helps with blood and gas exchange
- Placenta: An organ that forms within the womb to provide nutrients to the baby
- Umbilical cord: A thin cord that connects the baby to the placenta in order to povide the nutrients
LIST
What 3 cell layers from during the period of the embryo?
- Ectoderm
- Mesodorm
- Endoderm
EXPLAIN
What does the ectoderm cell layer become?
Nervous system, skin, hair
EXPLAIN
What does the mesoderm cell layer become?
Muscles, bone, circulatory system
EXPLAIN
What does the Endoderm cell layer become?
Digestive system, lungs, urinary tract, other vital organs
Portion also forms the neural tube
Neural Tube: structure from which the brain and spinal cord form
LIST
What part of the baby forms during the 2nd month?
- Ears
- Basic skeleton
- Limbs
- Brain
- Indifferent gonads
Indifferent gonads turns into gentialia but isnt sex specific yet
LIST
What changes occur to the baby in the 3rd month?
- Ability to kick and twist (not detectable to mother)
- Can swallow, digest and urinate
- Indifferent gonads become sex specific
LIST
What changes occur during the second trimester?
4 to 6 months
- More refined motor skills
- Kicking may be felt by mother
- Heartbeat detectable
- Hair begins forming
- Covered in Vernix
- Covered in Lanugo
DEFINE
Vernix
White, cheese-like covering that prevents chapping of the baby’s skin
DEFINE
Lanugo
Fine layer of body hair that forms on babies
LIST
What changes occur to the baby during 3rd trimester?
7 to 9 months
- Organs begin to mature
- Rapid weight gain
- Moves into head-down position (9th month)
DEFINE
Age of Viability
Age of which survival is possible outside of uterus
22 to 28 weeks (about 5.5 to 7 months)
DEFINE
Teratogens
Enviromental agents such as viruses, drugs and radiation that can harm the development of a fetus
EXPLAIN
Concerns with Rubella in pregnancy
Most dangerous in first trimester, Causes blindness, deafness, cardiac abnormalities, and intellectual disability
DEFINE
What causes toxoplasmosis?
Parasite acquired from undercooked meat or handling animal feces
EXPLAIN
What are the concerns around toxoplasmosis in pregnancy?
Can cause brain damage in the first semester, or results in a miscarriage after first trimester
LIST
What 3 STIs are of concern when looking at becoming pregnant?
- Syphilis
- Genital Herpes
- HIV/AIDS
EXPLAIN
Why is syphilis of concern for pregnancy?
- Defects to the eye, ear, bone or heart
- Brain damage
- Miscarriage
EXPLAIN
Why is genital herpes of concern for pregnancy?
- Most infectious at birth
- Can lead to death
- Can cause blindness, brain damage, neurological disorders
EXPLAIN
Why is HIV/AIDS of concern for pregnancy?
- Low birth weight and impaired early growth
- Impaired psychomotor and cognitive abilities
- Immune system issues
EXPLAIN
What is the relation of the drug Thalidomide to pregnancy?
What originally marketed for morning sickness but after-market was discovered to cause limb differences and heart issues in some babies when taken by the mother
EXPLAIN
What is the difference between Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects?
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome results from heavy drinking and has more severe effects like seizures and malformed brains, while Fetal Alcohol Effects has more quality of life effects like poor motor skills, below average IQ and Attention deficit
EXPLAIN
What are some of the possible effects of smoking cigarette smoking during pregnancy?
- Low birth weight, cleft palate, or cleft lip
- Increase in miscarriage or SIDs
- Long-term effects are undefined
DEFINE
Folic Acid or Folate
A vitamin that if lacking in woman can result in a defect in the babies neural tube
Results in Spina Bifida
