Chapter 8 Flashcards
DEFINE
Genetic Epistemology
The experimental study of the origin of knowledge
EXPLAIN
What are the 2 ways schemes are used?
Organization (Rearranging schemes to make more complex ones) and Adaptation (Assimilation + Accomodation)
EXPLAIN
What is the difference between assimilation and accomodation of schemes?
Asimilation is the interpreting of new experiences using existing schemes, while Accomodation is the modifying of schemes to interpret new experiences
LIST
What are the 4 stages of cognitive development?
- Sensorimotor
- Preoperational
- Concrete-Operational
- Formal-Operational
WHO, WHY, WHERE?
Who came up with the theory of cognitive development?
Jean Piaget
LIST
What are 6 substages of the sensorimotor stage?
- Reflex activity
- Primary circular reactions
- Secondary circular reactions
- Coordination of secondary schemes
- Tertiary circular reaction
- Mental Representation
EXPLAIN
What are the 3 types of circular reactions?
- Primary: Repetitive, non-reflexive pleasurable movements
- Secondary: Repetitive actions with an intended purpose
- Tertiary: Trial + Error experimentation with movements
LIST
What are the 2 milestones in the sensorimotor stage?
Development of Imitation and Object permanence
EXPLAIN
At what age does imitation form?
8 to 12 months
EXPLAIN
At what age does Deferred imitation form?
18 to 24 months
EXPLAIN
What is the A-not-B Error?
The tendency between 8 and 12 months to look for an item in the location they previously found it, despite having seen it being moved to a new location
EXPLAIN
What is invisible displacement?
The ability to mentally represent the movement of hidden objects
Understanding where it is when told an item was moved from point A to B
What are the 3 milestones in the Preoperational stage?
- Symbolic function/play
- Representational Insight
- Dual Representation
DEFINE
Representational Insight
Knowledge that an entity can stand for something other than itself
ie. pictures are representations of the people captured
DEFINE
Shared-Attention Mechanism (SAM)
The mechanism where 2 people are focused on the same object together
DEFINE
Theory-of-Mind Module (ToMM)
The cognitive ability to understand that people have differing mental statuses from self
LIST
What are the 3 milestones in the Concrete-Operational Stage?
- Conservation (Reversibility)
- Relational Logic (Mental seriation + Transitive inference)
- Horizontal Decalage
DEFINE
Mental Seriation
The ability to mentally sort things by the quantity or magnitude
DEFINE
Transitive Inference
The ability to use previous knowledge to determine something using basic logic
DEFINE
Horizontal Decalage
The concept that when a kid learns a new skill, they are not able to immediately apply it to other problems
EXPLAIN
What is the Hypothetico-deductive reasoning model?
a scientific method used to test hypotheses through observation and experimentation
DEFINE
Inductive Reasoning
The use of specific information in order to make predictions about a broader element
