Chapter 9 Flashcards
LIST
What are the 3 processing units within the multistore model of memory?
- Sensory Store (Raw sensory stimuli)
- Short-Term Store
- Long-Term Store
WHO, WHY, WHERE?
Who proposed the multistore model?
Atkinson and Shiffrin
LIST
What are the 4 ways we channel information input?
- Executive Function: Planning and executing strategies used on information from our long-term stores
- Attention: Process of selecting a stimuli to focus on
- Inhibitory control: Intentionally choosing to not pay attention to specific information
- Set-Shifting: Moving from one strategy to another
LIST
What are the 3 influences on someones short term store capacity?
- Memory Span
- Span of apprehension (# of items kept at one time)
- Domain-Specificity (specialized learning mechanisms for certain domains)
DEFINE
Strategies
Goal-directed and deliberately implemented mental operations used to facilitate task performance
DEFINE
Strategic Memory
Processes involved as one consciously attempts to retain or retrieve information
DEFINE
Mnemonic
Effortful techniques used to improve memory
DEFINE
Production Deficiency
Failure to produce and use known strategies
DEFINE
Utilization Deficiency
Experiencing little to no benefit when utilizing a new strategy
EXPLAIN
What is the Adaptive Strategy Choice Model?
A model that suggests that access to multiple varying strategies is most beneficial in broad learning enviroments
WHO, WHY, WHERE?
Who proposed the adaptive strategy choice model?
Robert Siegler
DEFINE
Implicit Cognition
Thoughts that occur without ones awareness of it
unconscious
DEFINE
Explicit Cognition
Thought processes that we are consciously aware of
Conscious
DEFINE
Metacognition
The knowledge of cognition and the regulation of it’s activities
DEFINE
Reticular Formation
The area of the brain that activates a specific organism; Believed to be important in attention regulation
EXPLAIN
What is the difference between selective attention and Cognitive Inhibition?
Selective attention refers to the ability to focus on only the relevant stimulus, while Cognitive Inhibition is the purposeful ignoring of irrelevant stimulus/information
EXPLAIN
What is the Fuzzy-Trace Theory?
an alternative to the multistore model; Proposes that information is stored both at a gist level and a vertbatim level
WHO, WHY, WHERE?
Who proposed the fuzzy-trace theory?
Brainerd and Reyna
EXPLAIN
What do the 2 levels in the fuzzy-trace theory represent?
- Gist: Fuzzy representation of information that preserves central content; with limited precise details
- Verbatim Traces: Memory Representations; attempts to retain as much detail as possible
LIST
What are the 3 strategies children use to recall information?
- Retrieval: Strategies used at getting information out of Longterm Store
- Free Recall: Recollection that is not prompted by a specific cue or prompt
- Cued Recall: Recollection that is prompted by a specific cue associated with the orginal event
DEFINE
Connectionism
A field of cognitive science that seeks to understand mental processes as resulting from groups of neurons
