Chapter 14: Social Psychology - Module 47: Positive and Negative Social Behaviour

Question 1

What is interpersonal attraction (or close relationship) study about?

Answer 1

Addressing factors that lead to positive feelings for others. (p. 535)

Question 2

T/F: Closer proximity increases interpersonal attraction.

Answer 2

True. (p. 535)

Question 3

T/F: Repeated exposure can produce attraction.

Answer 3

True. (p. 535)

Question 4

T/F: Similarity produces attraction.

Answer 4

True. (p. 535)

Question 5

What is the “reciprocity-of-liking effect”?

Answer 5

Tendency to like those who like us. (p. 536)

Question 6

T/F: Physical attractiveness can make someone seem more likeable.

Answer 6

True. (p 536)

Question 7

T/F: Love is just liking but more.

Answer 7

False, they are qualitatively different states. (p. 536)

Question 8

What are passionate versus companionate loves?

Answer 8

Passionate/romantic love: a state of intense absorption in someone.
Companionate Love: strong affection we have for those with whom our lives are deeply intwined. (p. 536)

Question 9

What are the top three qualities people in a 40 000-person questionnaire said they look for in a friend?

Answer 9

Keeping confidences, loyalty, warmth/affection (p. 537)

Question 10

What three components make up love, according to Robert Sternberg?

Answer 10

a decision/commitment component, intimacy component, passion component

Question 11

T/F: mutual love is rated as the most important factor in marriages everywhere.

Answer 11

False. See chart on p. 539

Question 12

What is aggression?

Answer 12

Intentional harm or injury of another person. (p. 540)

Question 13

According to frustration-aggression theory, what is frustration?

Answer 13

The emotional reaction to the thwarting or blocking of one’s ongoing, goal-oriented behaviour. (p. 540)

Question 14

What are aggressive-cues?

Answer 14

Stimuli that were associated with aggression or violent in the past, that the presence of make aggression more likely again.

Eg. guns, violent movies (p. 540)

Question 15

T/F: Observational learning and social learning are the same thing.

Answer 15

True (p. 540)

Question 16

T/F: Observational learning theory suggests that aggresive behaviour is the result of innate expressions.

Answer 16

False, observaitonal learning says aggression and frustration are learned based on reward/modeled consequences of behaviour.

Eg. a girl hits her brother when he takes her toy, because before she saw a friend get to play with a toy after painfully twisting it out of another child’s hand (p. 540, 541)

Question 17

T/F: people raised in violent homes being more likely to be in abusive relationships later (as abuser of victim) supports Observational Learning Theory.

Answer 17

True. (p. 541)

Question 18

What do we formally call helping behaviour?

Answer 18

Prosocial behaviour. (p. 542)

Question 19

“Diffusion of responsibility” in an emergency can cause what?

Answer 19

Bystander apathy, and therefore helping less. (p. 542)

Question 20

What are the four basic steps of helping?

Answer 20

1. Noticing a person/event/situation that may require help
2. Interpreting the event as requiring help
3. Asuiming responsibility for helping
4. Deciding on and implementing the form of helping. (p. 542, figure 4 on p. 543)

Question 21

What is altruism?

Answer 21

Helping behaviour that requires-self sacrifice, has no expectation of return (p. 543)

Question 22

What is empathy in the textbook?

Answer 22

A personality trait in which someone observing another person experiences the emotions of that person (p. 544)

Question 23

T/F: Mood and what we see others doing are examples of “temporary situational factors”.

Answer 23

True (p. 544)