Chapter 10: Personality - Module 32: Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality

Question 1

What are Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality based on?

Answer 1

The idea that personality is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which people have little awareness and no control over. (p. 380)

Question 2

What is psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 2

A theory of personality, development, and psychological intervention developed by Sigmund Freud (p. 380)

Question 3

What is the unconscious in psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 3

A part of personality that contains the memories, knowledge, beliefs, feelings, urges, drives, and instincts of which the individual is not aware. (p. 381)

Question 4

A splip of hte tongue interpreted as revealing unconscious desires is called what?

Answer 4

A Freudian Slip. (p. 381)

Question 5

T/F: All of the unconscious is inaccessible.

Answer 5

False. There is the preconscious, which is said to be made up of nonthreatening material and easily brought to mind, like 2+2=4. (p. 381)

Question 6

What are the 3 major components of Freud’s model of personality?

Answer 6

1. Id - raw, unorganized, inborn; instinct, operates according to pleasure principle, never satisfied because of its limitless energy
2. ego - operates off the reality principle, in which instinctual energy is restrained to maintain safety; decision-making “Executive”;
3. superego - includes conscience; harsh and critical, never fully satisfied always believing we could do better. (p. 382)

Question 7

According to Freud, which two components of personality are unrealistic?

Answer 7

Id and superego

Question 8

5 psychosexual stages

Answer 8

Oral   
Anal   
Phallic   
Latency   
Genital   (p. 383)

Question 9

What stage did Freud believe children faced Oedipal conflict and Electra complex?

Answer 9

Phallic stage, around age 3 (p. 383)

Question 10

What is Identification?

Answer 10

The process of wanting to be like another person as much as possible. (p. 384)

Question 11

What is anxiety?

Answer 11

A danger signal to the ego. (p. 384)

Question 12

What is the primary defense mechanism?

Answer 12

Repression (p. 384)

Question 13

What do we call unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by concealing the source from themselves and others?

Answer 13

Defense mechanisms (p.384)

Question 14

What are successors of Freud who studied his traditional theory but later rejected some of it called?

Answer 14

Neofreudian psychoanalysts

Question 15

According to ___(name)____ the collective unconscious is…

Answer 15

According to Carl Jung, the collective unconscious is a common set of ideas, feelings, images and symbols [including archetypes] that we inherit from our ancestors, and the whole human race, shared across cultures.

Eg. love for mother, belief in a Supreme Being, fear of snakes. (p. 386)

Question 16

What are Jung’s archetypes?

Answer 16

Universal symbolic representations of a particular person, object, or experience in the collective unconscious. (p. 386)

Question 17

Who is sometimes called one of the first feminist psychologists?

Answer 17

Karen Horney (p. 387)

Question 18

How did neo-freudian Alfred Adler propose the motivation for human behaviour?

Answer 18

Superiority, not in the sense of being superior over others, but in terms of self-improvement. (p. 387)