Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders - Module 39: The Major Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Is experiencing anxiety the same thing as having an anxiety disorder?

Answer 1

No. (p. 457)

Question 2

T/F: phobic disorders, panic disorders, and generalized anxiety disorder are all anxiety disorders.

Answer 2

True (p. 457)

Question 3

What is a specific phobia?

Answer 3

An intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation. (p. 458)

Question 4

What happens with panic disorder?

Answer 4

People experience panic attacks that last a few seconds to several hours. (p. 459)

Question 5

What is agoraphobia?

Answer 5

A complication in a panic disorder, where there is a fear of being in a situation where escape is difficult and help for a possible panic attack wouldn’t be possible (p. 459)

Question 6

With what disorder do people experience long-term, persistent anxiety and worry?

Answer 6

Generalized anxiety disorder (p. 459, symptoms of 460)

Question 7

What is an “obsession” in obsessive compulsive disorder?

Answer 7

A persistent unwanted thought or idea that keeps recurring.

Question 8

What is a “compulsion” in obsessive compulsive disorder?

Answer 8

Irresistable urges to carry out the same act that seems strange and unreasonable even to the person themselves, resulting in extreme anxiety if it is not carried out (p. 451)

Question 9

If a person with an anxiety disorder has an identical twin, how likely is it that their twin will have the disorder also?

Answer 9

30% (p. 451)

Question 10

What do some researchers suggest may be at the root of panic disorders?

Answer 10

overactive autonomic nervous system (p. 451)

Question 11

T/F: a behavioural approach of phobias considers anxiety a learned response to stress.

Answer 11

True (p. 451)

Question 12

What approach would say that anxiety disorders grow out of inaccurate thoughts and beliefs about circumstances in a person’s world?

Answer 12

Cognitice (p. 461)

Question 13

What are disturbances in emotional experiences that are strong enough to intrude on everyday life called?

Answer 13

Mood disorders (p. 462)

Question 14

On average, depressed Canadians stay home sick how many days of the year because of debilitating symptoms?

Answer 14

32 days (p. 462)

Question 15

Women are how much more likely than men to experience depression?

Answer 15

Twice as likely. One fourth of females experience it at some time in their lives (p. 462, 465, 466)

Question 16

The CMHA estimates that what proportion of Canadians experience SAD so severely it interferes with their ability to function in their daily lives?

Answer 16

1 in 3 (p. 462)

Question 17

What is an extended state of intense, wild, elation?

Answer 17

Mania (p. 463)

Question 18

T/F: there is evidence that bipolar disorders are primarily caused by genetic factors?

Answer 18

True, leading to alternations of serotinin and norepinephrine in the brain (p. 465)

Question 19

What is area 25?

Answer 19

An area of the brain that if smaller is linked with a higher chance of depression. (p. 465)

Question 20

What is “learned helplessness”? (Hint: referenced under cognitive and emotional factors in mood disorders)

Answer 20

A learned expectation that events in life come from uncontrollable situations and that you can’t escape the situation. (p. 465)

Question 21

Aaron Beck used what perspective on depression’s cause?

Answer 21

Cognitive. (p. 465)

Question 22

What class of disorders has severe distortion of reality?

Answer 22

Schizophrenia (p. 467)

Question 23

What is process schizophrenia vs reactive schizophrenia?

Answer 23

Process: symptoms develop slowly and subtly.

reactive schizophrenia: onset of symptoms is sudden and conspicuous. (p. 467)

Question 24

What two types of symptoms of schizophrenia are in the DSM-5?

Answer 24

1. positive-symptom schizophrenia: presence of disordered behaviour (eg. hallucinations, delusions, emotional extremes)
2. Negative-symptom schizophrenia: absence or loss of normal functioning (eg. social withdrawal, blurred emotions) (p. 467, 468)

Question 25

Does evidence suggest that schizophrenia has biological, or environmental origins?

Answer 25

Both. (p. 468)

Question 26

What is the likelihood both both identical twins having schizophrenia?

Answer 26

50% (p. 468)

Question 27

What is the dopamine hypothesis as one of several potential causes of schizophrenia?

Answer 27

The dopamine hypothesis suggests that schizophrenia occurs where there is excess activity in the areas of the brain that use dopamine as a neurotransmitter. (p. 468, 469)

Question 28

T/F: People with schizophrenia often have unusually low activity in the brain’s frontal lobes?

Answer 28

True (p. 470)

Question 29

T/F: There is a psychoanalytic approach to schizophrenia.

Answer 29

True. (p. 470)

Question 30

What is expressed emotion?

Answer 30

Interaction style characterized by high criticism, hostility, and emotional intrusiveness by family members. (p. 470)

Question 31

What model suggests that individuals may inherit an inborn sensitivity to schizophrenia that makes them particularly vulnerable to stressful factors int he environment?

Answer 31

The predisposition model. (p. 470)

Question 32

What are class of disorders is characterized by a sets of inflexible, maladaptive behavioural patterns that prevent them from functioning appropriately in society?

Answer 32

Personality disorders. (p. 471)

Question 33

T/F: people with borderline personality disorder have trouble developing an actual sense of who they are, so they rely on their relationships with others to define that.

Answer 33

True. (p. 472)

Question 34

What are somatic symptom disorders?

Answer 34

Psychological difficulties that take on physical (somatic) for but where there is no medical cause.

Eg. Illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder (p. 472, 473)

Question 35

What percent of children and what percent of adolescents experience significant emotional or behavioural disorders?

Answer 35

20% of children, 40% of adolescents. (p. 473)

Question 36

What does ADHD stand for?

Answer 36

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (p. 473)

Question 37

When do autism spectrum disorders usually appear?

Answer 37

Within the first three years of life. (p. 473)

Question 38

What are some examples under “Other Disorders” in the textbook?

Answer 38

Neurocognitice, substance-related and addictive disorders, Feeding and Eating disorders…. (p. 474)

Question 39

Roughly what proportion of people in North America experience a psychological disorder?

Answer 39

Half. (p. 477, Start of Module 40: Psychological Disorders in Perspective)

Question 40

What is the most common disorder?

Answer 40

Depression, at 17% of Americans. (p. 47)

Question 41

What percent of students report being depressed?

Answer 41

40% (p. 477)

Question 42

With regards to Social and Cultural Context of psychological disorders, the development of the DSM-5 is reflective of what culture?

Answer 42

Western. (p. 479)

Question 43

T/F: “disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is a controversial diagnosis in the DSM-5

Answer 43

True (p. 479)