Chapter 13 Key Terms

Question 1

Circumnavigate

Answer 1

To sail completely around

Question 2

Who was the first to circumnavigate the world?

Answer 2

Magellan

Question 3

Cartography

Answer 3

The science of making maps and globes

Question 4

Caravel

Answer 4

A small, light ship developed by the Portuguese that performed well on long voyages

Question 5

Conquistador

Answer 5

Spanish soldier-explorer

Question 6

Colonization

Answer 6

Establishment of new settlers and their culture in other territories

Question 7

Bullion

Answer 7

Precious metals melted into bars

Question 8

Quipu

Answer 8

A record-keeping device made of knotted strings, used by the Incas

Question 9

Immunity

Answer 9

Natural defense against disease

Question 10

Missionary

Answer 10

Someone who tries to convert others to a particular religion

Question 11

Columbian Exchange

Answer 11

The exchange of people, plants, animals, and ideas between the Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere

Question 12

Mercantilism

Answer 12

An economic policy in which a nation gains strength by controlling its trade, agriculture, industry and money.

Question 13

Capitalism

Answer 13

An economy based on the private ownership of property and the use of property to compete for profits or gains in a market

Question 14

Inflation

Answer 14

A general increase in prices

Question 15

Cottage industry

Answer 15

A business that uses people who work at home with their own equipment

Question 16

Traditional economy

Answer 16

Economy in which people make economic decisions based on their customs and habits

Question 17

Market economy

Answer 17

Economy in which individual consumers and produces make all economic decisions

Question 18

Henry the Navigator

Answer 18

A prince who claimed for Portugal the islands of Madeira and the Azores in 1432, and was the first European to make contact with Africa for trade in ivory, gold, and slaves. Part of his mission was to covert Africans to Christianity, and to recover lands in the Mediterranean that had been taken by Muslims. He is credited with sponsoring many explorers and training them in mapmaking, ship design, and navigation.

Question 19

Bartolomeu Dias

Answer 19

A Portuguese captain who in 1488 became the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa (the Cape of Good Hope), proving it was possible to reach the Indian Ocean by sea.

Question 20

Vasco de Gama

Answer 20

A Portuguese captain whose round-trip route around the Cape of Good Hope to India and back in 1497 established a vast spice trade empire for Portugal and confirmed Portugal’s status as a world power.

Question 21

Indigenous

Answer 21

Original cultures; native peoples

Question 22

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 22

In 1522, his crew was the first to have successfully circumnavigated (sailed completely around) the world - he died in battle claiming the Philippine Islands for Spain in 1521

Question 23

Astrolabe

Answer 23

An astronomical instrument for taking the altitude of the sun or stars and for the solution of other problems in astronomy and navigation: used by Greek astronomers from about 200 BC and by Arab astronomers from the Middle Ages until replaced.

Question 24

Christopher Columbus

Answer 24

Italian navigator funded by Spain who died thinking the island he discovered in 1492 was just off the coast of China. It was actually in the Caribbean instead

Question 25

Amerigo Vespucci

Answer 25

An Italian navigator who made four voyages between 1497 and 1504 and concluded that the lands Columbus called “the Indies” were, in fact, part of a “New World.” A German mapmaker named the newly encountered lands “America” after Vespucci.