Chapter 13 Key Terms Flashcards
Circumnavigate
To sail completely around
Who was the first to circumnavigate the world?
Magellan
Cartography
The science of making maps and globes
Caravel
A small, light ship developed by the Portuguese that performed well on long voyages
Conquistador
Spanish soldier-explorer
Colonization
Establishment of new settlers and their culture in other territories
Bullion
Precious metals melted into bars
Quipu
A record-keeping device made of knotted strings, used by the Incas
Immunity
Natural defense against disease
Missionary
Someone who tries to convert others to a particular religion
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of people, plants, animals, and ideas between the Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere
Mercantilism
An economic policy in which a nation gains strength by controlling its trade, agriculture, industry and money.
Capitalism
An economy based on the private ownership of property and the use of property to compete for profits or gains in a market
Inflation
A general increase in prices
Cottage industry
A business that uses people who work at home with their own equipment
Traditional economy
Economy in which people make economic decisions based on their customs and habits
Market economy
Economy in which individual consumers and produces make all economic decisions
Henry the Navigator
A prince who claimed for Portugal the islands of Madeira and the Azores in 1432, and was the first European to make contact with Africa for trade in ivory, gold, and slaves. Part of his mission was to covert Africans to Christianity, and to recover lands in the Mediterranean that had been taken by Muslims. He is credited with sponsoring many explorers and training them in mapmaking, ship design, and navigation.
Bartolomeu Dias
A Portuguese captain who in 1488 became the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa (the Cape of Good Hope), proving it was possible to reach the Indian Ocean by sea.
Vasco de Gama
A Portuguese captain whose round-trip route around the Cape of Good Hope to India and back in 1497 established a vast spice trade empire for Portugal and confirmed Portugal’s status as a world power.
Indigenous
Original cultures; native peoples
Ferdinand Magellan
In 1522, his crew was the first to have successfully circumnavigated (sailed completely around) the world - he died in battle claiming the Philippine Islands for Spain in 1521
Astrolabe
An astronomical instrument for taking the altitude of the sun or stars and for the solution of other problems in astronomy and navigation: used by Greek astronomers from about 200 BC and by Arab astronomers from the Middle Ages until replaced.
Christopher Columbus
Italian navigator funded by Spain who died thinking the island he discovered in 1492 was just off the coast of China. It was actually in the Caribbean instead
Amerigo Vespucci
An Italian navigator who made four voyages between 1497 and 1504 and concluded that the lands Columbus called “the Indies” were, in fact, part of a “New World.” A German mapmaker named the newly encountered lands “America” after Vespucci.
