Chapter 11 Flashcards
Why was Florence considered a Renaissance center?
Because it was the center of commerce and banking
What caused feudalism to decline?
Trade and industry grow, and peasants migrated to towns for more freedom
The Renaissance was known for growth in what?
secular learning
______ focuses on the study of human beings and the world around them - invented by petrarch
Humanism
_____ believed that religion wasn’t the center of human events and showed that life is an opportunity for enjoyment
Secularism
_____ focuses on a single person’s actions rather than a group. Shows that mankind decides what’s important
Individualism
Vernacular language was _____ and _____ ; these 2 languages were also used for study
French and Italian
Art changed from religious devotion to what?
Worldy concerns
Pope Gregory XIII changed the _____ calendar to the _____ calendar
Julian to Gregorian
Why was Italy the “Birthplace of the Renaissance?
Because they divided into city states and were in the center of trade routes connecting Asia and Africa.
The development of _____ increased literacy and helped spread ideas
printing
who wrote the book “Utopia”?
Sir Thomas More
Who believed that people should look to Jesus and to live a normal Christian life – no empty rituals. he also wrote the book “In Praise of Folly” which used satire
Erasmus
Who was a french humanist that wrote humorous stories to criticize traditions in religion?
Rabelais
Who brought back painting and engraving techniques from Italy to the north?
Durer
First, the printing revolution started with….. and later made paper out of….
Block printing
Linen rags
The 3rd step in the printing revolution was making…..
oils for use in painting and printing
Who invented the moveable printing press?
Gutenberg
since people were freely expressing themselves and talking bad about the church, what did the church have to do?
censor the publication of some works and ideas
What 2 things helped shape western ideas of beauty?
Art and Architecture
Discoveries about the _____ marked the start of the scientific revolution
universe
People turned to _____ to discover the rules of the universe
reason
What was a new scientific tool created during the Renaissance?
telescope
The heliocentric theory was considered ______ by the catholic church
herecy
Most civilizations limited trade to keep gold and silver, also called
Mercantilism
What was the best way for a nation to become wealthy?
Through free trade
what is it called when the government isn’t extremely involved?
Free market economy
Who was a powerful banking family?
the medici family
why were nobles and peasants attracted to towns?
to gain wealth
The Medici family was a _____family and _____ of the arts
banking family and patron of the arts
What is the importance of “ The school of Athens “ by Raphael?
shows the importance of classical ideas in Renaissance art
What is a machiavellian?
someone who tries to achieve something by deceiving others
What is the difference between medieval and Renaissance literature?
it was written in the vernacular (French and Italian)
The book Utopia by Sir Thomas More was governed by what?
reason
who is called “Leonardo of the north” and brought back painting and engraving techniques from Italy
Albrecht durer
What are 3 examples of modern Greek and Roman architecture?
Domes, round arch, columns
Who discovered the rules of linear perspective?
Fillippo Brunelleschi
What were 3 new tools made during the scientific revolution?
Microscope, telescope, barometer
Who discovered that planets move in an elliptical orbit?
Johannes Kepler
Europe got a lot of classical works and knowledge from ….
Greek and Muslim scholars
Who thought that the universe could be explained entirely from mechanical laws?
Rene descartes
Enlightenment thinkers wanted to improve what?
human life and social + economic life
What do Jonas, Gabriel, and the Giver all have in common?
pale eyes
what comfort object does Lily have?
An Elephant
what comfort object does Gabriel have
Hippo
What are comfort objects?
Stuffed animals
What is Jonas amazed with when he enters the Receiver’s dwelling?
The amount of books
When do people receive their assignments?
age 12/ the ceremony of Twelve
Why do birthmothers never see their children?
Because they are taken to a Nurturing center so the parent won’t become attached to he/she
how is the chief elder determined?
elected once every 10 years
