Chapter 8 + 9 + 10 Flashcards
Who won the battle of tours?
Charles Martel
Who defeated a Muslim army that was coming from Spain to take over Europe?
Charles Martel
Making Charlemagne emperor of Rome was important for what reasons?
1) Showed that the emperor had a lot of ___ over the ___
2) Showed that only the ____ could name an emperor
3) Angered the ____ ____ and the ___ __ __
1) Showed that the emperor had a lot of power over the church
2) Showed that only the pope could name an emperor
3) Angered the Byzantine empire and the Eastern Orthodox Church
Who defeated the last Roman army in Western Europe?
Clovis I
Most of Europe’s early cities developed…
near major rivers
Charlemagne worked with the Catholic Church to …
spread Christianity
Daily life in most parts of medieval Europe revolved around the catholic…
calendar
according to Catholic teachings. which of the following best describes violation of God’s law?
harming others
an Italian monk did what in 529?
Made the bendictine Rule
due to the efforts of Patrick, many Irish people became…
Christians
who sent missionaries to N. Europe?
the pope
The catholic church eventually became the ____ of _____ ____
center of European society
When the Roman empire collapsed, people were mostly…
pagans
Who were the best invaders and where were they from?
Vikings
Scandinavia
Why were monasteries destroyed a lot?
They were wealthy and were poorly defended
Where is Scandinavia?
on the Scandinavian peninsula (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark)
Explain European feudalism
Powerful lords divided their land among vassals. The vassal pledged his service and loyalty for protection and power
Who acted as the judges?
The powerful lords
Why did feudalism start?
Kings and emperors were too weak to protect their people from invasions
Who was Charles Martel’s grandson?
Charlemagne
Who were responsible for protecting people’s homes and lands in feudalism?
Powerful local lords
The _____ also used feudalism
Japanese
Both European and Japanese feudalism began…..
During a time of violence and warfare
The heart of the medieval economy was the…..
Manor
Who persuaded the pope to crown him emperor?
Otto the Great
Who claimed to be the successor of Charlemagne?
Otto the Great
Besides Charlemagne, what people worked closely with the pope which caused rivalry?
Ottonian Kings
What happened after Charlemagne’s death?
he gave the throne to his son, but the other 2 sons fought for the throne. Treaty of Verdun Split the empire into 2 parts, causing chaos
_____’s knights heard is angry words and took it upon themselves to murder ______
Henry II
Becket
The main power struggle between Gregory VII and Henry IV was…
Choosing bishops
After _____ tried to remove _____ as pope, the pope excommunicated him and told his subjects that they no longer owed the emperor their loyalty. _____ later apologized with bare feat in the snow
Henry IV
Gregory VII
Henry IV
What invasion changed England forever?
The Norman Invasion
William the conquerer got his nickname when he…
Defeated England in the Battle of Hastings, ending Anglo-Saxon rule.
After the Normans claimed Great Britain, they introduced a strong….
Feudal system
How did the Magna Carta set a historic example?
Many governments adopted its basic principles (Including the USA)
Who lost control of French lands, and to get them back taxed the barons a lot? This created a conflict between him and the barons
King John
Why was the Magna Carta made?
Because of the struggle between king John and the barons
What did the Magna Carta do?
Limited the power of kings and recognized the rights of barons
Kings began seeding advice from county representatives, which began the…..
Parliament
Over time, Magna Carta rights were extended to…
ordinary people
What was the main goal of the crusades?
To protect Christian pilgrims as they visited the holy land.
The pope launched the first crusade because
The Arabs and Turks were destroying churches and the pope wanted to free the holy land
Was the first crusade successful ?
Yes
why did the pope call for a second crusade?
Because the Muslims were fighting back and taking territory from their 1st crusade
Why did the pope/kings call for the 3rd crusade?
The Muslim leader Saladin grew stronger and recaptured Jerusalem
Who led the 3rd crusade?
King Richard I of England
_____ and ______signed a truce to end the _____ crusade
King Henry I of England
Saladin
3rd
Was the 2nd crusade successful?
Nah
What language is considered the common language of study and worship of the church?
Latin
Who believed that Natural Law is unchangeable, and the both faith and reason come from God?
Thomas Aquinas
at first, monasteries were very isolated and dedicated to prayer and scripture, but by the 1200s, they were centers of what?
Agriculture and education
What code of conduct reflects Christian values and shaped European manners?
Chivalry
Europe mainly prospered because of what?
New farming techniques
_____ _____ allowed for larger Windows, filling churches and cathedrals with light.
Gothic Architecture
