Chapter 13

Question 1

On which continents did Portugal have territory on?

Answer 1

Africa and South America.

Question 2

What was Christopher Columbus’s main intention to set sail and find the Americas?

Answer 2

To find a sea route to Asia/China; he wanted to become rich there

Question 3

Who circumnavigated Earth and conquered some Philippine Islands for Portugal?

Answer 3

Magellan

Question 4

Who traveled around Africa to get to Asia?

Answer 4

Da Gama

Question 5

Who sailed to the east coast of South America and Asia?

Answer 5

Cabral

Question 6

Spanish or Portuguese: Christopher Columbus, Da Gamma, Cabral, Magellan

Answer 6

Spanish, Portuguese, Portuguese, Spanish

Question 7

Which countries explored North America’s east coast?

Answer 7

England, Netherlands, and France

Question 8

What were 4 dangers of going on long sea voyages?

Answer 8

Disease
Storms/ship sinking
Starvation
Attack by natives/local inhabitants of newly discovered land.

Question 9

Why did everyone start exploring?

Answer 9

People wanted to know more about the world around them, gain wealth, and compete against other countries for fame.

Question 10

What were the main motives for the age of exploration?

Answer 10

To gain more knowledge
To have more fame/wealth
To spread religion
To find sea trade routes to Asia

Question 11

Name 5 advances for easier exploration and what they did

Answer 11

Cartography - improved mapmaking led to more accurate maps
Astrolabe - More accurate measurements/ easier to determine location
Caravel - small and fast ships that were good for long distance travels
Cannon - gave an advantage over natives
Compass - easier navigation/sense of direction

Question 12

What are the accomplishments of Vasco de Gama?

Answer 12

Portuguese; He made a voyage around the cape of good hope to India and established a sea route to trade directly with Asia

Question 13

What are the accomplishments of Bartolomeu Dias?

Answer 13

Discovered the cape of good hope but turned back

Question 14

What were the accomplishments of Ferdinand Magellan?

Answer 14

He lead a voyage around the world (circumnavigation) and to the Philippines

Question 15

What were the dangers to embarking on voyages?

Answer 15

Starvation
Violent storms/sunken ship
Disease
Attacked by natives.

Question 16

What are the achievements of Jacques Cartier?

Answer 16

A French explorer who explored Canada

Question 17

What were the accomplishments of Hernán Cortés?

Answer 17

Conquering the Aztec Empire for the Spanish

Question 18

What were the accomplishments of Francisco Pizarro?

Answer 18

Conquering the Incan empire for Spain

Question 19

What were some results of the Age of Exploration? (5 things)

Answer 19

Gave people a different view of the world
Introduced new crops, luxury items, spices, traditions/cultures, and animals
Introduced ideas of how to run the economy
Spread religion
Counties grew

Question 20

How many people survived Magellan’s voyage around the world?

Answer 20

18

Question 21

What 2 countries did Henry Hudson represent?

Answer 21

England and the Netherlands

Question 22

What is the name of the race between the Spanish and the Native Americans?

Answer 22

Mestizo

Question 23

The tulip bulb is a symbol of…

Answer 23

Netherlands

Question 24

What modern day country did Cabral claim for Portugal?

Answer 24

Brazil

Question 25

Columbus kept 2 journals on his voyage to the Americas… Why was this?

Answer 25

One was fake to trick the people on board that they hadn’t traveled as far as they really had.

Question 26

The French Mostly settled in…

Answer 26

Canada

Question 27

What economic system focuses on exporting precious material and controlling trade?

Answer 27

Mercantilism

Question 28

What economic system is also known as free market or free enterprise?

Answer 28

Capitalism

Question 29

The West Indies are also known As…

Answer 29

The West Indies

Question 30

What was the route mostly used by Spain to get to Asia?

Answer 30

Sailing across the west Atlantic

Question 31

What was the route mostly used by Portugal to get to Asia?

Answer 31

Around the tip of Africa

Question 32

How was Francisco Pizarro able to defeat Atahualpa,or the leader of the Incas?

Answer 32

By trapping Atahualpa and executing him after rejecting a large ranso

Question 33

How was Hernán Cortés able to defeat Moctezuma?

Answer 33

He used an interpreter to Learn about the Aztecs, and used the information to make alliances with other civilizations to gang up and defeat Moctezuma

Question 34

Who is famous for creating a huge world map?

Answer 34

Mercator

Question 35

How did Spain use Cochineal?

Answer 35

They used the red dye from the insect to make beautiful textiles.

Question 36

How did merchants benefit under capitalism?

Answer 36

The more goods in circulation allowed merchants to make more money. They could buy products from businesses and sell them for more money to earn a profit (Retail)

Question 37

How did farmers benefit under capitalism?

Answer 37

Farmers could work for landowners to earn money or start Their own business.

Question 38

How did the middle class grow?

Answer 38

Merchants, traders, and artisans became wealthy from capitalism and

Question 39

Describe the role of colonies in mercantilism.

Answer 39

Colonies would supply the raw materials to their home country, and the country would turn them into products to sell with other countries. Trade was controlled and ordinary people and colonies couldn’t start a business and make money

Question 40

Technology from the Americas to Europe.

Answer 40

Metal tools and stone-carving techniques

Question 41

Technology from Europe to the americas

Answer 41

Iron tools, work animals, guns, and the wheel

Question 42

Why was it so difficult to measure how much knowledge was lost from Spanish conquests?

Answer 42

Because the Spanish destroyed most of the culture of the Incas and the Aztecs