Chapter 13 Flashcards
On which continents did Portugal have territory on?
Africa and South America.
What was Christopher Columbus’s main intention to set sail and find the Americas?
To find a sea route to Asia/China; he wanted to become rich there
Who circumnavigated Earth and conquered some Philippine Islands for Portugal?
Magellan
Who traveled around Africa to get to Asia?
Da Gama
Who sailed to the east coast of South America and Asia?
Cabral
Spanish or Portuguese: Christopher Columbus, Da Gamma, Cabral, Magellan
Spanish, Portuguese, Portuguese, Spanish
Which countries explored North America’s east coast?
England, Netherlands, and France
What were 4 dangers of going on long sea voyages?
Disease
Storms/ship sinking
Starvation
Attack by natives/local inhabitants of newly discovered land.
Why did everyone start exploring?
People wanted to know more about the world around them, gain wealth, and compete against other countries for fame.
What were the main motives for the age of exploration?
To gain more knowledge
To have more fame/wealth
To spread religion
To find sea trade routes to Asia
Name 5 advances for easier exploration and what they did
Cartography - improved mapmaking led to more accurate maps
Astrolabe - More accurate measurements/ easier to determine location
Caravel - small and fast ships that were good for long distance travels
Cannon - gave an advantage over natives
Compass - easier navigation/sense of direction
What are the accomplishments of Vasco de Gama?
Portuguese; He made a voyage around the cape of good hope to India and established a sea route to trade directly with Asia
What are the accomplishments of Bartolomeu Dias?
Discovered the cape of good hope but turned back
What were the accomplishments of Ferdinand Magellan?
He lead a voyage around the world (circumnavigation) and to the Philippines
What were the dangers to embarking on voyages?
Starvation
Violent storms/sunken ship
Disease
Attacked by natives.
What are the achievements of Jacques Cartier?
A French explorer who explored Canada
What were the accomplishments of Hernán Cortés?
Conquering the Aztec Empire for the Spanish
What were the accomplishments of Francisco Pizarro?
Conquering the Incan empire for Spain
What were some results of the Age of Exploration? (5 things)
Gave people a different view of the world
Introduced new crops, luxury items, spices, traditions/cultures, and animals
Introduced ideas of how to run the economy
Spread religion
Counties grew
How many people survived Magellan’s voyage around the world?
18
What 2 countries did Henry Hudson represent?
England and the Netherlands
What is the name of the race between the Spanish and the Native Americans?
Mestizo
The tulip bulb is a symbol of…
Netherlands
What modern day country did Cabral claim for Portugal?
Brazil
Columbus kept 2 journals on his voyage to the Americas… Why was this?
One was fake to trick the people on board that they hadn’t traveled as far as they really had.
The French Mostly settled in…
Canada
What economic system focuses on exporting precious material and controlling trade?
Mercantilism
What economic system is also known as free market or free enterprise?
Capitalism
The West Indies are also known As…
The West Indies
What was the route mostly used by Spain to get to Asia?
Sailing across the west Atlantic
What was the route mostly used by Portugal to get to Asia?
Around the tip of Africa
How was Francisco Pizarro able to defeat Atahualpa,or the leader of the Incas?
By trapping Atahualpa and executing him after rejecting a large ranso
How was Hernán Cortés able to defeat Moctezuma?
He used an interpreter to Learn about the Aztecs, and used the information to make alliances with other civilizations to gang up and defeat Moctezuma
Who is famous for creating a huge world map?
Mercator
How did Spain use Cochineal?
They used the red dye from the insect to make beautiful textiles.
How did merchants benefit under capitalism?
The more goods in circulation allowed merchants to make more money. They could buy products from businesses and sell them for more money to earn a profit (Retail)
How did farmers benefit under capitalism?
Farmers could work for landowners to earn money or start Their own business.
How did the middle class grow?
Merchants, traders, and artisans became wealthy from capitalism and
Describe the role of colonies in mercantilism.
Colonies would supply the raw materials to their home country, and the country would turn them into products to sell with other countries. Trade was controlled and ordinary people and colonies couldn’t start a business and make money
Technology from the Americas to Europe.
Metal tools and stone-carving techniques
Technology from Europe to the americas
Iron tools, work animals, guns, and the wheel
Why was it so difficult to measure how much knowledge was lost from Spanish conquests?
Because the Spanish destroyed most of the culture of the Incas and the Aztecs
