Chapter 11 people (key terms based)

Question 1

Sir Frances Bacon

Answer 1

English philosopher, argued that scientists should rely on their own observations and experiments to explain the laws of nature. He developed the use of inductive reasoning

Question 2

Nicolaus Copernicus

Answer 2

Polish astronomer who introduced heliocentric theory based on his observations of the sun, moon, and stars.

Question 3

Rene Discarte

Answer 3

French philosopher who thought it was necessary to question everything except ideas that were certain beyond doubt

Question 4

Galileo Galilei

Answer 4

Italian mathematician who proved Copernicus’s heliocentric theory by recording observations through a telescope he built. The Church put him under house arrest for heresy. He also disproved Aristotle’s theory on gravity by dropping 2 objects of different weights off The leaning tower of pisa - they fell at the same speed

Question 5

Johannes Kepler

Answer 5

German astronomer, used mathematics to prove the Earth revolves around the sun. he discovered the laws that describe the movement of planets in the solar system

Question 6

Sir Isaac Newton

Answer 6

English mathematician who discovered laws of gravity, light, mathematics, and motion. legend says when an apple fell from a tree he realized it was acting on the same force that holds the moon in its orbit

Question 7

John Locke

Answer 7

English philosopher, believed that people are basically rational and reasonable, and have the ability to control their own lives. also believed people have natural rights belonging to all since birth

Question 8

Baron De Montesquieu

Answer 8

French thinker, strongly criticized monarchs; he called for a separation of power among 3 branches of government- each branch limiting the powers of the other 2, called “checks and balances”