Ch. 12 key terms

Question 1

reformation

Answer 1

a religious movement that began in the 1500s to reform the Catholic church

Question 2

recant

Answer 2

to withdraw or take back

Question 3

sect

Answer 3

a subgroup of a major religious group

Question 4

predestination

Answer 4

the idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation

Question 5

theocracy

Answer 5

a government run by religious power

Question 6

counter reformation

Answer 6

a movement to strengthen the teachings and structure of the Catholic Church

Question 7

Jesuits

Answer 7

a religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534, also known as the Society of Jesus

Question 8

council of Trent

Answer 8

a series of meetings called in 1545 to find ways to revive the moral authority of the Catholic Church and stop the spread of the Protestantism

Question 9

ghetto

Answer 9

separate section of a city where members of minority group are forced to live

Question 10

annulment

Answer 10

an official act ending a marriage

Question 11

act of Supremacy

Answer 11

the 1534 act that made the king of England the leader of the Church of England

Question 12

huguenot

Answer 12

a french prostestant

Question 13

edict

Answer 13

an official public order made by a king or other authority

Question 14

Spanish armada

Answer 14

a fleet of warships

Question 15

federalism

Answer 15

a form of government in which power is shared between local and national levels

Question 16

Henry V

Answer 16

English; led two successful invasions of France during the Hundred Years’ war, cheering his outnumbered troops to victory at the 1415 battle of Agincourt and eventually securing full control of the French throne. he was the first king of England since the Norman invasion to use English as his primary language. His predecessors had all preferred french

Question 17

Hundred Years’ War

Answer 17

a destructive war between France and England that lasted from 1337-1453

Question 18

Joan of Arc

Answer 18

French woman, later named a saint, who led French soldiers into battle in the early 1400s and decisively turned the Hundred Years’ War against the English, who burned her at the stake as a heretic

Question 19

Tudor dynasties

Answer 19

An English royal dynasty of Welsh origin, which gave five sovereigns to England: Henry VII, his son, Henry VIII, followed by Henry VIII’s three children, Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I

Question 20

Henry VIII

Answer 20

ruled in England for 36 years, presiding over sweeping changes that brought his nation into the Protestant Reformation. He famously married a series of 6 wives in his search for political alliance, marital bliss and a healthy male heir. His desire to annul his first marriage without papal approval led to the creation of a separate Church of England. Of his marriages, two ended in annulment, two in natural deaths, and two with his wives’ beheadings for adultery and treason. His children, Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I, would take their turn as England’s monarch

Question 21

Mary I

Answer 21

The only child of King Henry VIII and his first wife to survive into adulthood. She took the throne in 1553, reigning as the first queen regnant of England and Ireland. Seeking to return England to the Catholic Church, she persecuted Protestants.

Question 22

Elizabeth I

Answer 22

the only surviving child of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Her reign was one of the more constructive periods in English History: Her religious compromise laid many fears to rest.

Question 23

Phillip II

Answer 23

the king of Spain from 1556 to 1598 and of Portugal from 1581 to 1598. During his marriage to Queen Mary I, he was also King of England and Ireland. His empire included territories on every continent then known to Europeans, including the Netherlands and the Philippine Islands. During his reign, Spain reached the height of its influence and power. A devout Catholic, he is also known for organizing the unsuccessful Spanish Armada mission against Elizabeth’s Protestant England in 1588, ending Spain’s world dominance.

Question 24

Martin Luther

Answer 24

German monk whose 95 theses against indulgences of the Catholic Church culminated in his excommunication and the Protestant Reformation.

Question 25

John Calvin

Answer 25

French Protestant who supported predestination, and taught that all people should lead religious lives. Applying this idea to government, he set up a theocracy in Geneva(a city of god). To many Protestants, it seemed ideal.

Question 26

Desiderius Erasmus

Answer 26

a dutch scholar whose In Praise of Folly used satire to criticized Church leaders and practices. Credited with making humanism and international movement

Question 27

William Tyndale

Answer 27

Protestant reformer who translated the Greed New Testament into English. He was convinced of heresy and burned at the stake

Question 28

Protestant

Answer 28

a follower of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, Lutheran, and other churches.

Question 29

indulgence

Answer 29

a kind of cancellation of punishment for sin