Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

define pathogens

A

a disease causing agent

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2
Q

most deaths from infectious diseases- almost _____ percent are caused by handful of diseases

58%

73%

85%

90%

A

90%

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3
Q

what is an epidemic

A

disease outbreak that affects many people in a community or region at the same time

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4
Q

examples of epidemic

A

Black death (1300s)

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5
Q

example of pandemic or global epidemic

A

influenza (1918)

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6
Q

microorganism that coexist within a human host most of the time. Usually harmless for people in good health but if ill or have a compromised immune system it can cause serious health problems

exogenous microorganism

endogenous microorganism

A

endogenous microorganism

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7
Q

define exogenous microorganism

A

do not usually inhabit the body

when they do they are apt to produce an infection or illness

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8
Q

define virulent

A

strong enough to overcome host resistance and cause disease

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9
Q

if you come in contact with the cold or flu virus will you become sick

A

not necessarily especially if your immune system is strong enough

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10
Q

3 things that has helped canadians maintain their health

A
  1. Clean food and water
  2. Immunization
  3. health-care system
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11
Q

what is passive immunity? How can it occur?

A

natural occurring type of immunity that can also protect against the contraction of infectious disease

fetus receiving mothers’ antibodies through placenta

antibodies transferred into non-immune person blood stream

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12
Q

are most diseases caused by a single factor or multifactorial

A

multifactorial

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13
Q

3 things that need to happen for an infection to occur

A
  1. compromised host (genetics, age, smoking)
  2. disease causing agent (virulence, unique)
  3. hospitable environment (light, moisture, temp)
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14
Q

3 risk factors that you cannot control

A

hereditary: more likely to get disease if it runs in the family or chromosomal inheritance (sickle cell anemia). Risk can be reduced by regular physical activity, managing weight, engaging in physical activity

Aging: as we get older immune system become less efficient at responding to invading organism. Very young have comprised immune systems

Environmental conditions: Unsanitary conditions and presecens of drugs, chemicals, hazardous pollutants in food and water

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15
Q

what is sickle cell anemia

A

genetic disease resulting from chromosomal abnormalities commonly found in individuals of African descent

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16
Q

define immunological competence

A

ability of immune system to defend the body from pathogens

17
Q

name risk factors you can control

A
  1. stress, depression, axiety
  2. inadequate dietary intake
  3. Low level of physical activity
  4. sedentary behaviour
  5. lack of sleep
    6.misuse and abuse of drugs
18
Q

define autinoculation

A

transmission of pathogen from one part of your body to another

e.g. hiv lip sore from touching your lips to rubbing your eye

19
Q

5 routes of transmission

A
  1. direct and indirect contact
  2. autoinoculation
  3. airborne contact
  4. food borne infection, animal borne pathogens
  5. water born disease
20
Q

define bacteria

A

single celled organisms that can cause disease in humans

21
Q

what are the three major types of bacteria

A

cocci, bacilli, spirilla

22
Q

approximately how many bacteria’s cause disease in humans

A

100

23
Q

bacteria’s are not poisonous themselves it is the poisonous substance called ____ that causes various diseases

A

toxins

24
Q

staphylcocci. where is it found? how does it cause an infection?

A

normal flora on skin
causes infection when there is a break in the skin

25
Q

define epidermis

A

outermost layer of the skin

26
Q

name on staph caused disorder talked about in the textbook

A

Toxic shock syndrome

27
Q

toxic shock syndrome

A

potentially life threatening bacterial infection most common in menstruating women

28
Q

when was TSS first reported?

A

1978

29
Q

how to reduce likelihood of contracting toxic shock syndrome

A
  1. avoid super absorbent tampons except during heaviest menstrual flow
  2. change tampons frequently (at least every 4 hours)
  3. use pads at nights instead of tampons
30
Q

symptoms of TSS

A

high fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, stomach pains, rapid pulse, sunburn like rash (on finger and toes)

31
Q

what does streptococci cause? characteristics?

A

strep throat: white or yellow pustules at back of throat

scarlet fever: acute fever, sore throat, rash

rheumatic fever: “lick the joints and bite the heart”

32
Q

when was pneumonia the leading cause of death in North America

A

1900s

33
Q

characteristics of pneumonia

A

high fever, chest pains, chills, chronic cough, fluid accumulation

34
Q

is it harder to treat pneumonia caused by bacteria or by viruses, chemicals, or other substances in the lungs

A

caused by bacteria

35
Q

define pneumonia

A

disease of the lungs, usually caused by bacteria