Chapter 13 Flashcards
define pathogens
a disease causing agent
most deaths from infectious diseases- almost _____ percent are caused by handful of diseases
58%
73%
85%
90%
90%
what is an epidemic
disease outbreak that affects many people in a community or region at the same time
examples of epidemic
Black death (1300s)
example of pandemic or global epidemic
influenza (1918)
microorganism that coexist within a human host most of the time. Usually harmless for people in good health but if ill or have a compromised immune system it can cause serious health problems
exogenous microorganism
endogenous microorganism
endogenous microorganism
define exogenous microorganism
do not usually inhabit the body
when they do they are apt to produce an infection or illness
define virulent
strong enough to overcome host resistance and cause disease
if you come in contact with the cold or flu virus will you become sick
not necessarily especially if your immune system is strong enough
3 things that has helped canadians maintain their health
- Clean food and water
- Immunization
- health-care system
what is passive immunity? How can it occur?
natural occurring type of immunity that can also protect against the contraction of infectious disease
fetus receiving mothers’ antibodies through placenta
antibodies transferred into non-immune person blood stream
are most diseases caused by a single factor or multifactorial
multifactorial
3 things that need to happen for an infection to occur
- compromised host (genetics, age, smoking)
- disease causing agent (virulence, unique)
- hospitable environment (light, moisture, temp)
3 risk factors that you cannot control
hereditary: more likely to get disease if it runs in the family or chromosomal inheritance (sickle cell anemia). Risk can be reduced by regular physical activity, managing weight, engaging in physical activity
Aging: as we get older immune system become less efficient at responding to invading organism. Very young have comprised immune systems
Environmental conditions: Unsanitary conditions and presecens of drugs, chemicals, hazardous pollutants in food and water
what is sickle cell anemia
genetic disease resulting from chromosomal abnormalities commonly found in individuals of African descent