Chapter 12.2

Question 1

define Ischemia

Answer 1

insufficient blood flow relative to demand of the tissue resulting in decrease of oxygen

Question 2

define angina pectoris

Answer 2

severe chest pain occurring as a result of reduced oxygen flow to the heart

Question 3

what drug relieves pain and discomfort for angina by dilating veins

opiates

beta blockers

nitroglycerin

Answer 3

nitroglycerin

Question 4

what do beta blockers do

Answer 4

controls potential overactivity of heart muscle

Question 5

thrombus vs embolus

Answer 5

blood clot vs free floating blood clot

Question 6

aneurysm

Answer 6

weakened blood vessel that may bulge under pressure or burst in more severe cases

Question 7

Transient ischemic attack

Answer 7

mild form of stroke; indicator of impending major stroke

Question 8

what block of time do you need to receive medical treatment after having a stroke

Answer 8

24 hours

Question 9

FAST

Answer 9

face- is it drooping
arms- can you raise em
speech- slurred or jumbled
time- call 911 right away

Question 10

essential hypertension vs secondary hypertension

Answer 10

hypertension as a result of unknown causes vs specific factor causing hypertension (obesity, kidney disease)

Question 11

hypertension blood pressure

Answer 11

140/80 or greater

Question 12

systolic/diastolic

Answer 12

systolic/diastolic

Question 13

what is systolic bp?

Answer 13

pressure of blood when heart contracts

Question 14

what is diastolic bp?

Answer 14

when heart muscle relaxes

Question 15

define isolated systolic hypertenssion

Answer 15

when only systolic blood pressure is high; common in older adults

Question 16

normal blood pressure
prehypertension
hypertension stage 1
hypertension stage 2
hypertensive crisis

Answer 16

less than 120/less than 80
120-139/80-89
140-159/90-99
<160/<100
<180/<110

Question 17

which gender are at twice the risk of becoming hypertensive as their female counterparts

Answer 17

men

Question 18

what age do women have higher rates of hypertension

Answer 18

65

Question 19

what percent of people are prehypertensive?

Answer 19

30%

Question 20

when are people over 65 put on meds

Answer 20

bp is 150/90

Question 21

when are people over 60 put on meds

Answer 21

bp is 140/90

Question 22

tachycardia vs bradycardia

Answer 22

abnormally fast heart rate

abnormally slow heart rate

Question 23

fibrillation

Answer 23

sporadic, quivering heartbeat resulting in inefficient movement of blood

Question 24

what is congestive heart failure

Answer 24

heart muscle is damaged/overworked and lacks strength to continue blood circulating process

eventually causes blood pooling in ventricles causing heart enlargement and accumulation of blood in lower body like legs ankles and lungs

Question 25

conginetal heart disease

Answer 25

heart or blood vessels don’t develop normally before birth

maternal hereditary

drug or alcohol intake

Question 26

percent of children with conginetal heart defect that make it to adulthood

Answer 26

90%

Question 27

rheumatic heart disease

Answer 27

heart disease caused by unresolved streptococcal infection of throat that sometime causes antibodies to attack heart

Question 28

for primary risk for CVD

Answer 28

hypertensions, hyperlipidemia, smoking, physical inactivity

Question 29

secondary risk factors of CVD

Answer 29

stress, obesity, diabetes

Question 30

lifestyle changes to decrease risk

Answer 30

quit smoking
reduce bp
reduce cholesterol
physical active
maintain weight
alcohol moderation
low-dose aspirin

Question 31

why is high blood pressure known as the silent killer

Answer 31

usually no symptoms

Question 32

over 65 what gender is more likely to suffer from high bp

Answer 32

women

Question 33

african and south asian individuals are how many time more likely to suffer from hypertension

Answer 33

3x

Question 34

how many cases of stroke does high sodium contribute to?

Answer 34

17, 000

Question 35

ldl vs hdl

Answer 35

cause plaque build up

transport ldls to liver for metabolism and elimination from body