Chapter 12.2 Flashcards
define Ischemia
insufficient blood flow relative to demand of the tissue resulting in decrease of oxygen
define angina pectoris
severe chest pain occurring as a result of reduced oxygen flow to the heart
what drug relieves pain and discomfort for angina by dilating veins
opiates
beta blockers
nitroglycerin
nitroglycerin
what do beta blockers do
controls potential overactivity of heart muscle
thrombus vs embolus
blood clot vs free floating blood clot
aneurysm
weakened blood vessel that may bulge under pressure or burst in more severe cases
Transient ischemic attack
mild form of stroke; indicator of impending major stroke
what block of time do you need to receive medical treatment after having a stroke
24 hours
FAST
face- is it drooping
arms- can you raise em
speech- slurred or jumbled
time- call 911 right away
essential hypertension vs secondary hypertension
hypertension as a result of unknown causes vs specific factor causing hypertension (obesity, kidney disease)
hypertension blood pressure
140/80 or greater
systolic/diastolic
systolic/diastolic
what is systolic bp?
pressure of blood when heart contracts
what is diastolic bp?
when heart muscle relaxes
define isolated systolic hypertenssion
when only systolic blood pressure is high; common in older adults
normal blood pressure
prehypertension
hypertension stage 1
hypertension stage 2
hypertensive crisis
less than 120/less than 80
120-139/80-89
140-159/90-99
<160/<100
<180/<110
which gender are at twice the risk of becoming hypertensive as their female counterparts
men
what age do women have higher rates of hypertension
65
what percent of people are prehypertensive?
30%
when are people over 65 put on meds
bp is 150/90
when are people over 60 put on meds
bp is 140/90
tachycardia vs bradycardia
abnormally fast heart rate
abnormally slow heart rate
fibrillation
sporadic, quivering heartbeat resulting in inefficient movement of blood
what is congestive heart failure
heart muscle is damaged/overworked and lacks strength to continue blood circulating process
eventually causes blood pooling in ventricles causing heart enlargement and accumulation of blood in lower body like legs ankles and lungs
conginetal heart disease
heart or blood vessels don’t develop normally before birth
maternal hereditary
drug or alcohol intake
percent of children with conginetal heart defect that make it to adulthood
90%
rheumatic heart disease
heart disease caused by unresolved streptococcal infection of throat that sometime causes antibodies to attack heart
for primary risk for CVD
hypertensions, hyperlipidemia, smoking, physical inactivity
secondary risk factors of CVD
stress, obesity, diabetes
lifestyle changes to decrease risk
quit smoking
reduce bp
reduce cholesterol
physical active
maintain weight
alcohol moderation
low-dose aspirin
why is high blood pressure known as the silent killer
usually no symptoms
over 65 what gender is more likely to suffer from high bp
women
african and south asian individuals are how many time more likely to suffer from hypertension
3x
how many cases of stroke does high sodium contribute to?
17, 000
ldl vs hdl
cause plaque build up
transport ldls to liver for metabolism and elimination from body
