Chapter 12.2 Flashcards

1
Q

define Ischemia

A

insufficient blood flow relative to demand of the tissue resulting in decrease of oxygen

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2
Q

define angina pectoris

A

severe chest pain occurring as a result of reduced oxygen flow to the heart

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3
Q

what drug relieves pain and discomfort for angina by dilating veins

opiates

beta blockers

nitroglycerin

A

nitroglycerin

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4
Q

what do beta blockers do

A

controls potential overactivity of heart muscle

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5
Q

thrombus vs embolus

A

blood clot vs free floating blood clot

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6
Q

aneurysm

A

weakened blood vessel that may bulge under pressure or burst in more severe cases

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7
Q

Transient ischemic attack

A

mild form of stroke; indicator of impending major stroke

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8
Q

what block of time do you need to receive medical treatment after having a stroke

A

24 hours

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9
Q

FAST

A

face- is it drooping
arms- can you raise em
speech- slurred or jumbled
time- call 911 right away

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10
Q

essential hypertension vs secondary hypertension

A

hypertension as a result of unknown causes vs specific factor causing hypertension (obesity, kidney disease)

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11
Q

hypertension blood pressure

A

140/80 or greater

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12
Q

systolic/diastolic

A

systolic/diastolic

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13
Q

what is systolic bp?

A

pressure of blood when heart contracts

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14
Q

what is diastolic bp?

A

when heart muscle relaxes

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15
Q

define isolated systolic hypertenssion

A

when only systolic blood pressure is high; common in older adults

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16
Q

normal blood pressure
prehypertension
hypertension stage 1
hypertension stage 2
hypertensive crisis

A

less than 120/less than 80
120-139/80-89
140-159/90-99
<160/<100
<180/<110

17
Q

which gender are at twice the risk of becoming hypertensive as their female counterparts

18
Q

what age do women have higher rates of hypertension

19
Q

what percent of people are prehypertensive?

20
Q

when are people over 65 put on meds

A

bp is 150/90

21
Q

when are people over 60 put on meds

A

bp is 140/90

22
Q

tachycardia vs bradycardia

A

abnormally fast heart rate

abnormally slow heart rate

23
Q

fibrillation

A

sporadic, quivering heartbeat resulting in inefficient movement of blood

24
Q

what is congestive heart failure

A

heart muscle is damaged/overworked and lacks strength to continue blood circulating process

eventually causes blood pooling in ventricles causing heart enlargement and accumulation of blood in lower body like legs ankles and lungs

25
conginetal heart disease
heart or blood vessels don't develop normally before birth maternal hereditary drug or alcohol intake
26
percent of children with conginetal heart defect that make it to adulthood
90%
27
rheumatic heart disease
heart disease caused by unresolved streptococcal infection of throat that sometime causes antibodies to attack heart
28
for primary risk for CVD
hypertensions, hyperlipidemia, smoking, physical inactivity
29
secondary risk factors of CVD
stress, obesity, diabetes
30
lifestyle changes to decrease risk
quit smoking reduce bp reduce cholesterol physical active maintain weight alcohol moderation low-dose aspirin
31
why is high blood pressure known as the silent killer
usually no symptoms
32
over 65 what gender is more likely to suffer from high bp
women
33
african and south asian individuals are how many time more likely to suffer from hypertension
3x
34
how many cases of stroke does high sodium contribute to?
17, 000
35
ldl vs hdl
cause plaque build up transport ldls to liver for metabolism and elimination from body