Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Before the late 1800s what was the definition of health

A

the absence of disease, although it was just unhygienic conditions

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2
Q

What is the average life expectancy for children born in 2007 to 2009

83.2 years for men and 86.7 for women

78.8 years for men and 83.3 for women

86.7 years for men and 83.3 for women

83.3 years for men and 78.8 for women

A

78.8 years for men and 83.3 for women

81.1 overall

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3
Q

why are scientist worried about children today having shorter lifespans than their parents although studies show that they should be living longer

A

high obesity rates

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4
Q

Mortality vs Morbidity

A

Death rate vs Illness rate

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5
Q

How is health defined as today?

A

Dynamic, ever-changing process to achieve individual potential including physical, mental, and social well being not merely the absence of disease

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6
Q

define wellness

A

similar to health, a dynamic, ever changing process in which a person attempts to reach his or her potential in each of health’s components

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7
Q

Name the Health components

A

PSIOEES
Physical
Social
Intellectual
Occupational
Emotional
Environmental
Spiritual

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8
Q

What is health promotion

A

various efforts aimed to encourage individuals or communities to make healthier choices

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9
Q

What does the Integrated Pan-Canadian Healthy Living Strategy say

A

sustainable changes in individual behaviours are difficult to achieve without addressing living and working conditions

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10
Q

What is the Integrated Pan-Canadian Health Living Strategy addressing the link between

A

address linkage b/w lifestyle choices and surrounding social, economic, and environmental influences

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11
Q

What system is the strategy trying to help

A

the efficiency of Canada’s universal health care delivery system

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12
Q

What are two initiatives that have been put into place

A

‘Declaration on prevention and promotion’: Ministers of Health and Healthy promotion join efforts to prioritize health promotion and prevent disease and injury

Curbing Childhood Obesity: reduce childhood obesity by creating environments that support physical health and healthy eating, identify risk for obesity early, and increase accessibility of health food

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13
Q

What are the healthy living targets that have been emphasized by Integrated Pan-Canadian Health Living Strategy

A

physical activity, nutrition, healthy weight

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14
Q

actions designed to reduce the chances of health arising, or perhaps delay the age at which it occurs is

Tertiary prevention

Primary prevention

Secondary Prevention

A

Primary prevention

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15
Q

Intervention early in development of a health problem to reduce symptoms, halt, or delay its progression

Tertiary prevention

Primary prevention

Secondary Prevention

A

Secondary Prevention

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16
Q

describe the difference between tertiary prevention

A

It’s no longer prevention; treatment and rehab to limit effects of disease

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17
Q

osteoporosis, arthritis, headaches, thyroid disease, lupus, and alzheimer’s disease are more common in

men or women

A

women

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18
Q

high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke is more common in

men or women

A

men

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19
Q

How many percent of people have an autoimmune disease? how many are women?

A

8%, 78%

20
Q

Which is not one of the identified 4 factors that reflect bias in sex differences

Androcentricity

Overgeneralization

Sex insensitivity

Sexuality

Double standard

A

Sexuality
`

21
Q

what is the leading death for both sexes

A

cancer

22
Q

your race, age, sex, ethnicity, income, education, family, environment would be a

enabling factor

reinforcing factor

predisposing factor

A

predisposing factor

23
Q

If you cannot afford a gym membership but your school is able to provide a free gym for students this would be a(n)

enabling factor

reinforcing factor

predisposing factor

A

enabling factor

23
Q

rewards and punishments for behaviours when trying to reach a goal would be

enabling factor

reinforcing factor

predisposing factor

A

reinforcing factor

24
Q

What are the questions asked in stages of change, transtheoretical model?

A

are you ready for change?
where are you in terms of readiness to change?

25
Q

People in this stage have no urge to change and may not know change is necessary. A few kind words or a gain in knowledge may be what they need to consider change

Preparation

contemplation

maintenance

pre contemplation

termination

A

pre contemplation

26
Q

times when someone doesn’t continue with behaviour

action

termination

maintenance

relapse

A

relapse

27
Q

people recognize change is needed (due to new info or family/peers). They can remain in this stage for years b/c they lack energy and motivation or knowledge

Preparation

contemplation

maintenance

pre contemplation

termination

A

contemplation

28
Q

in this stage people make the change. Publicly stating the desire to change helps ensure success.

action

termination

maintenance

relapse

A

action

29
Q

Why is termination debated as a stage

A

termination refers to the behaviour becomes ingrained as a new habit and becomes apart of daily living

some people argue you will always have to be putting in effort everyday

30
Q

define belief

A

appraisal of object, action, idea and an attribute of the object, action, or idea

31
Q

attitude

A

relatively stable set of belief, feelings, and behavioral tendencies in relation to something or someone else

32
Q

what does the health belief model explain

A

how beliefs about our health may influence our attitudes and behaviours regarding our health and wellness

33
Q

What are the 3 factors of the Health Belief Model HBM

A

perceived seriousness of health problem

perceived susceptibility to health problem

cues to action

34
Q

What does the theory of reasoned action explained

A

behaviour results from intention to perform actions

35
Q

3 factors of theory of planned behaviour

A

attitude towards the behaviour

level of perceived behavioural control

subjective norms

36
Q

what is shaping

A

using small steps to reach your goal gradually

37
Q

what are keys things to remember when shaping

A

slow
realistic
flexible
master
reard

38
Q

practicing a skill or behaviour through mental imagery

contemplation

modelling

imagined rehearsal

situational inducement

A

imagined rehearsal

39
Q

what is modelling

A

learning specific behavior by watching people

40
Q

influencing your behaviour by using situations and occasion structure to exert control over that behaviour

enabling factor

situational inducement

positive reinforcement

rational emotive therapy

A

situational inducement

41
Q

5 types of positive reinforcements

A

▪ Consumable (food or drink)
▪ Activity (participation)
▪ Manipulative (incentives)
▪ Possessional (tangible)
▪ Social (kind acts)

42
Q

Rational-Emotive Therapy

A

Connection: what you say = how you feel

43
Q

Meichenbaum’s Self-Instructional Methods

A

Self instructions and positive affirmations

44
Q

Blocking or Thought Stopping

A

Purposely stopping negative thoughts

45
Q

D.E.C.I.D.E

A

decide what the problem is

explore alternative

consider consequences

identify values

decide and take action

evaluate the consequences