Chapter 1 Flashcards
Before the late 1800s what was the definition of health
the absence of disease, although it was just unhygienic conditions
What is the average life expectancy for children born in 2007 to 2009
83.2 years for men and 86.7 for women
78.8 years for men and 83.3 for women
86.7 years for men and 83.3 for women
83.3 years for men and 78.8 for women
78.8 years for men and 83.3 for women
81.1 overall
why are scientist worried about children today having shorter lifespans than their parents although studies show that they should be living longer
high obesity rates
Mortality vs Morbidity
Death rate vs Illness rate
How is health defined as today?
Dynamic, ever-changing process to achieve individual potential including physical, mental, and social well being not merely the absence of disease
define wellness
similar to health, a dynamic, ever changing process in which a person attempts to reach his or her potential in each of health’s components
Name the Health components
PSIOEES
Physical
Social
Intellectual
Occupational
Emotional
Environmental
Spiritual
What is health promotion
various efforts aimed to encourage individuals or communities to make healthier choices
What does the Integrated Pan-Canadian Healthy Living Strategy say
sustainable changes in individual behaviours are difficult to achieve without addressing living and working conditions
What is the Integrated Pan-Canadian Health Living Strategy addressing the link between
address linkage b/w lifestyle choices and surrounding social, economic, and environmental influences
What system is the strategy trying to help
the efficiency of Canada’s universal health care delivery system
What are two initiatives that have been put into place
‘Declaration on prevention and promotion’: Ministers of Health and Healthy promotion join efforts to prioritize health promotion and prevent disease and injury
Curbing Childhood Obesity: reduce childhood obesity by creating environments that support physical health and healthy eating, identify risk for obesity early, and increase accessibility of health food
What are the healthy living targets that have been emphasized by Integrated Pan-Canadian Health Living Strategy
physical activity, nutrition, healthy weight
actions designed to reduce the chances of health arising, or perhaps delay the age at which it occurs is
Tertiary prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary Prevention
Primary prevention
Intervention early in development of a health problem to reduce symptoms, halt, or delay its progression
Tertiary prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
describe the difference between tertiary prevention
It’s no longer prevention; treatment and rehab to limit effects of disease
osteoporosis, arthritis, headaches, thyroid disease, lupus, and alzheimer’s disease are more common in
men or women
women
high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke is more common in
men or women
men
How many percent of people have an autoimmune disease? how many are women?
8%, 78%
Which is not one of the identified 4 factors that reflect bias in sex differences
Androcentricity
Overgeneralization
Sex insensitivity
Sexuality
Double standard
Sexuality
`
what is the leading death for both sexes
cancer
your race, age, sex, ethnicity, income, education, family, environment would be a
enabling factor
reinforcing factor
predisposing factor
predisposing factor
If you cannot afford a gym membership but your school is able to provide a free gym for students this would be a(n)
enabling factor
reinforcing factor
predisposing factor
enabling factor
rewards and punishments for behaviours when trying to reach a goal would be
enabling factor
reinforcing factor
predisposing factor
reinforcing factor
What are the questions asked in stages of change, transtheoretical model?
are you ready for change?
where are you in terms of readiness to change?
People in this stage have no urge to change and may not know change is necessary. A few kind words or a gain in knowledge may be what they need to consider change
Preparation
contemplation
maintenance
pre contemplation
termination
pre contemplation
times when someone doesn’t continue with behaviour
action
termination
maintenance
relapse
relapse
people recognize change is needed (due to new info or family/peers). They can remain in this stage for years b/c they lack energy and motivation or knowledge
Preparation
contemplation
maintenance
pre contemplation
termination
contemplation
in this stage people make the change. Publicly stating the desire to change helps ensure success.
action
termination
maintenance
relapse
action
Why is termination debated as a stage
termination refers to the behaviour becomes ingrained as a new habit and becomes apart of daily living
some people argue you will always have to be putting in effort everyday
define belief
appraisal of object, action, idea and an attribute of the object, action, or idea
attitude
relatively stable set of belief, feelings, and behavioral tendencies in relation to something or someone else
what does the health belief model explain
how beliefs about our health may influence our attitudes and behaviours regarding our health and wellness
What are the 3 factors of the Health Belief Model HBM
perceived seriousness of health problem
perceived susceptibility to health problem
cues to action
What does the theory of reasoned action explained
behaviour results from intention to perform actions
3 factors of theory of planned behaviour
attitude towards the behaviour
level of perceived behavioural control
subjective norms
what is shaping
using small steps to reach your goal gradually
what are keys things to remember when shaping
slow
realistic
flexible
master
reard
practicing a skill or behaviour through mental imagery
contemplation
modelling
imagined rehearsal
situational inducement
imagined rehearsal
what is modelling
learning specific behavior by watching people
influencing your behaviour by using situations and occasion structure to exert control over that behaviour
enabling factor
situational inducement
positive reinforcement
rational emotive therapy
situational inducement
5 types of positive reinforcements
▪ Consumable (food or drink)
▪ Activity (participation)
▪ Manipulative (incentives)
▪ Possessional (tangible)
▪ Social (kind acts)
Rational-Emotive Therapy
Connection: what you say = how you feel
Meichenbaum’s Self-Instructional Methods
Self instructions and positive affirmations
Blocking or Thought Stopping
Purposely stopping negative thoughts
D.E.C.I.D.E
decide what the problem is
explore alternative
consider consequences
identify values
decide and take action
evaluate the consequences
