Chapter 12: Random Question Dump COMPLETE

Question 1

An aggregation of proteins and other macromolecules that forms a liquid-liquid phase separation and is sometimes referred to as a membrane-less organelle is
a biological condensate
a lipid bilayer
a lipid droplet
the cytosol

Answer 1

A Biological Condensation

Question 2

A transmembrane protein in the ER membrane has a domain facing the cytosol. If that protein is later in the Golgi membrane, what does it face?
cytosol
Golgi lumen

Answer 2

Cytosol

Question 3

A transmembrane protein in the ER membrane has a domain facing the cytosol. If that protein is later in the plasma membrane, what does it face?
cytosol
extracellular space

Answer 3

Cytosol

Question 4

A transmembrane protein in the ER membrane has a domain facing the ER lumen. If that protein is later in the plasma membrane, what does it face?
cytosol
extracellular space

Answer 4

Extracellular Space

Question 5

Synthesis (translation) of proteins that will enter the ER lumen or the ER membrane begins

in the ER
in the nucleus
in the cytosol

Answer 5

In the Cytosol

Question 6

Ubiquitination of misfolded proteins that had been translocated from the ER to the cytosol:

stabilizes the proteins and allows their re-entry to the ER
targets them to the proteasome for degradation

Answer 6

targets them to the proteasome for degradation

Question 7

Even though phospholipids are synthesized in the cytosolic leaflet of the ER membrane, membrane lipids are rapidly flip-flopped to the non-cytosolic leaflet spontaneously by means of what?

Answer 7

by means of a “scramblase” lipid translocator

Question 8

Which lipid distribution requires roles of specific flippases as opposed to a scramblase?
ER Membrane
Plasma Membrane

Answer 8

Plasma Membrane

Question 9

Proteins that are in the nucleus
were first synthesized by:
ribosomes in the nucleus
were synthesized in the cytosol and directed to the nucleus by interaction of other proteins with the nuclear localization signals (NLSs)

Answer 9

were synthesized in the cytosol and directed to the nucleus by interaction of other proteins with the nuclear localization signals (NLSs)

Question 10

Mutation of the putative NLS in T-antigen protein

makes no difference in its normal nuclear localization
leaves it in the cytosol, where it was synthesized

Answer 10

leaves it in the cytosol, where it was synthesized

Question 11

Ran GAPs, which stimulate hydrolysis of Ran-bound GTP so that Ran is in its Ran-GDP form, are mainly located in

the nucleus
the cytosol

Answer 11

the cytosol

Question 12

Ran GEFs, which stimulate release of GDP from Ran, allowing Ran to bind a GTP and be in its Ran-GTP form are mainly in

the nucleus
the cytosol

Answer 12

the nucleus

Question 13

Binding of Ran-GTP to a cargo-carrying importin causes release of the cargo. This would be likely to occur in
the nucleus
the cytosol

Answer 13

the nucleus

Question 14

Ran-GTP bound to a cargo-less importin is likely to be trafficked

from the nucleus to the cytosol
from the cytosol to the nucleus

Answer 14

from the nucleus to the cytosol

Question 15

Similarly, Ran-GTP bound to an exportin carrying cargo with a nuclear export signal (NES) is delivered

from the nucleus to the cytosol
from the cytosol to the nucleus

Answer 15

from the nucleus to the cytosol

Question 16

All of this Ran cycling from the cytosol to the nucleus and back is made possible (in addition to trafficking of cargo-carrying Ran-GTP from the nucleus to the cytosol) by
delivery of cargo-less Ran-GDP from the cytosol to the nucleus
Ran-GDP bound to cargo being delivered from the cytosol to the nucleus

Answer 16

delivery of cargo-less Ran-GDP from the cytosol to the nucleus

Question 17

If the activity of the phosphatase depicted here is blocked, what will be the localization of the protein (NF-AT)?

nuclear
cytosolic

Answer 17

cytosolic

Question 18

If activity of the kinase depicted here is blocked, what will be the localization of the protein (NF-AT)?

cytosolic
nuclear

Answer 18

nuclear

Question 19

A protein that lacks any localization motif, signal sequence, or targeting motif is synthesized by ribosomes in the cytosol. This protein will
remain in the cytosol
be trafficked randomly to any cellular or extracellular location

Answer 19

remain in the cytosol

Question 20

What are cells that secrete peptides enriched with?

Answer 20

Rough ER Membrane

Question 21

What are the 11 Major Intracellular Compartments apart of the membrane-bound organelles of an animal cell?

Answer 21

Nucleus, Nucleolus, Free Ribosome, Rough ER, Cytosol, Peroxisome, Lysosome, Endosome, Mitochondria, Smooth ER, Golgi Apparatus

Question 22

What are the 10 Membranes apart of the membrane-bound organelles in a Eukaryotic cell?

Answer 22

Plasma membrane, Rough ER membrane, Smooth ER membrane, Golgi Apparatus membrane, Peroxisome membrane, Lysosome membrane, Nucleus inner membrane, Nucleus outer membrane, Secretory Vesicle membrane, Mitochondrial inner and outer membrane

Question 23

What are Organelles?

Answer 23

Small structures and compartments of a cell that make up an animal cell.
“organs of the cell”

Question 24

What is the Compartmentalization of a cell?

Answer 24

The boundaries around a specific microenvironment allowing for proper cell function.

Question 25

What are Eukaryotic Cells?

Answer 25

Plant and Animal Cells with a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles.

Question 26

What do both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have?

Answer 26

A cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material, Ribosome

Question 27

What cells have Mitochondria?

Answer 27

Both Plant and Animal Cells

Question 28

What cells have Chloroplast?

Answer 28

Only Plant Cells

Question 29

What are the “Nos” of Prokaryotes?

Answer 29

No Nucleus, No Membrane-Bound Organelles

Question 30

What evidence is the evidence of the Endosymbiosis Theory?

Answer 30

Both Mitochondria and Chloplast have 2 membranes, and they both have their own genome.

Question 31

What is the Endosymbiosis Theory?

Answer 31

That eukaryotic cells derived from a prokaryotic cell. The cell engolfed Mitochondria and Chloroplast forming a eukaryotic cell.

Question 32

What did Nuclear genome of eukaryotic cells appear to have evolved from?

Answer 32

Anaerobic Archaeon

Question 33

What is Nuclear compartment topologically equivalent to?

Answer 33

Cytosol

Question 33

What is the Cytosol topologically equivalent to?

Answer 33

Nuclear Compartment

Question 33

What is ER Lumen topologically equivalent to?

Answer 33

Extracellular Space

Question 34

What is the Extracellular Space topologically equivalent to?

Answer 34

ER Lumen

Question 35

What is a Condensate?

Answer 35

A membraneless- organelle. It has liquid-to-liquid phase separation.

Question 36

If a soluble protein is in the lumen of one compartment and is trafficked by a vesicle to a second compartment, where will it be?

Answer 36

In the lumen of the second compartment.

Question 37

The nucleus is topologically equivalent to what?

Answer 37

The Cytosol

Question 38

** The lumen of an endosome is topologically equivalent to what?

Answer 38

Lumen of the Er, Golgi, lysosome, and extracellular space

Question 39

**What is the lumen of an endosome is NOT topologically equivalent to?

Answer 39

Cytosol

Question 40

Membranless orgenelles are what?

Answer 40

Self Aggregating

Question 41

Targeted
proteins have
signal
sequences do what?

Answer 41

direct proteins
to the correct
target organelle.