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BIOL 3040: Cell Structure and Function > CH. 12/13: Protein Trafficking COMPLETE > Flashcards

CH. 12/13: Protein Trafficking COMPLETE Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two mechanisms of Protein trafficking?

A

Vesicle Mediated Trafficking, Non-Vesicle Mediated Trafficking

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2
Q

What is Vesicle Mediated Trafficking?

A

Proteins made in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Ribosome and trafficked inside a Vesicle

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3
Q

What is Non-Vesicle Mediated Trafficking?

A

Proteins made in Free Ribosome or Ribosome in the Cytosol relies on amino acids coding specific sequences for trafficking rather than a Vesicle

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4
Q

How are proteins made in the ER transported?

A

Through Vesicle Mediated Trafficking

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5
Q

How are proteins made in the Cytosol trafficked?

A

Through Non-Vesicular Trafficking, using specific amino acid-coded sequences

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6
Q

What is Amino Acid Signal Sequencing?

A

Proteins made in the Free Ribosome or Ribosome in the Cytosol which are trafficked to a specific Organelle INSIDE the cell without a Vesicle

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7
Q

Where is mRNA synthesized? (where is protein made?)

A

Cytosolic Ribosome, Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosome, or Free Ribosome

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8
Q

Where can Protein Synthesised by Cytosolic Ribosome travel?

A

Mitochondria, Peroxisome, Nucleus Protein, or Stays in Cytosol

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9
Q

How is Protein Trafficked to the Mitochondria?

A

Through Non-Vesicular Trafficking, using Signal Sequencing

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10
Q

How is Protein Trafficked to the Peroxisome?

A

Through Non-Vesicular Trafficking, using Signal Sequencing

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11
Q

How is Protein Trafficked to the Nucleus?

A

Through Non-Vesicular Trafficking, using Signal Sequencing

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12
Q

How is Protein Trafficked to the Cytosol?

A

Through Non-Vesicular Trafficking, using Signal Sequencing

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13
Q

Where can Protein synthesised by the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) travel?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Golgi Apparatus, Plasma Membrane, Lysosome, or can be Secreted Protein

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14
Q

Where can Protein leaving the Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER) Ribosome travel?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Golgi Apparatus, Plasma Membrane, Lysosome, or can be Secreted Protein

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15
Q

Where can Protein leaving Cytosolic Ribosome travel?

A

Cytosol, Mitochondria, Peroxisome, Nucleus

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16
Q

Where does the translation of ALL Proteins take place in a cell?

A

In the Cystosol

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17
Q

How do Proteins sequenced for the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) get to the ER after being translated by Cytosolic Ribosome?

A

Signal Recognition Particles (Special Protein that recognizes the signal sequence) move the Ribosome-Protein complex into the ER, to then release the synthesized chain into the ER

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18
Q

What is a Signal Recognition Protein?

A

A special protein in the cytosol that recognizes signal sequences to target proteins to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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19
Q

Vesicule Mediated Trafficking involves transport between what?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Golgi Apparatus, Plasma Membrane, and Lysosome

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20
Q

What does Vesicular Trafficking require for the creation of the vesicle?

A

Requires the use of special proteins that form coats on membranes to force the creation of a vesicle.

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21
Q

What are the three types of coat proteins?

A

COPI, COPII, Clathrin

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22
Q

What is the function of the COPI coat protein?

A

Forms the Vesicle for Protein traveling Retrograde from the Cis-Golgi Apparatus to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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23
Q

What coat Protein is used for Retrograde Vesicular transport?

A

COPI

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24
Q

Where is a Protein traveling Retrograde being transported?

A

From the Cis-Golgi Apparatus to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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25
Q

What is the function of the COPII coat Protein?

A

Forms Vesicle for Protein traveling Antrograde from the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) to the Cis-Golgi Apparatus

26
Q

What coat Protein is used for traveling Antrograde?

A

COPII

27
Q

Where is a Protein traveling Antrograde being transported?

A

From the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) to the Cis-Golgi Apparatus

28
Q

What is the function of the Clathrin Protein?

A

Form a Vesicle from the Plasma Membrane to be sent to the Lysosome, and from the Trans-Golgi to the Lysosome

29
Q

What is Endocytosis?

A

When a cell creates a Vesicle out of the Plasma Membrane to take in foreign material

30
Q

Where are immature or unmodified Vesecular Proteins released from the Endoplasmic Reticulum found?

A

In the Cis-Golgi

31
Q

Where is Mature Vesicular Protein found?

A

In the Trans-Golgi

32
Q

What side of the Golgi Apparatus faces the Plasma Membrane?

A

The Trans-Golgi

33
Q

What Side of the Golgi Apparatus faces the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

The Cis-Golgi

34
Q

Where does Vesicular Protein collected in the Lysosome from?

A

The Trans-Golgi or the Plasma Membrane

35
Q

What type of Vesicles transport Protein from the Golgi to the Lysosome?

A

Clathrin-Coated Vesicles

36
Q

What type of Vesicle transports Protein from the Plasma Membrane to the Lysosome?

A

Clathrin-Coated Vesicles

37
Q

What type of Vesicles transports Protein from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Golgi?

A

COPII-Coated Vesicle

38
Q

What Type of Vesicle transports Proteins from the Golgi to the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

COPI-Coated Vesicles

39
Q

Where is material absorbed by Endocytosis sent?

A

The Lysosome (via Clathrin-Coated Vesicles)

40
Q

When does Glycosylation take place?

A

When a protein enters the Endoplasmic Reticulum or the Golgi Apparatus

41
Q

What is Glycosylation?

A

A chemical reaction that modifies Protein entering the Endoplasmic Reticulum or the Golgi Apparatus.

42
Q

What does Glycosylation do?

A

Attaches Carbohydrate Monomers to certain Amino Acids in Protein

43
Q

What Chemical Reaction attaches Carbohydrate Monomers to Amino Acids?

A

Glycosylation

44
Q

Why is Glycosylation essential for a protein?

A

Essential for proper functioning of the protein and targeting of the protein to the correct location

45
Q

What is Exocytosis?

A

The Secretion of Protein out of a cell (releasing protein from the cell into the bloodstream) via a Vesicle membrane fusing with the Plasma Membrane

46
Q

Where are Proteins with appropriate targeting molecules modified and prepared for Secretion?

A

In the Golgi

47
Q

How are Modified and Prepared Proteins Secreted?

A

Through Exocytosis

48
Q

How is protein from inside a cell released into the bloodstream?

A

Through Secretion via Exocytosis

49
Q

What are the two pathways of Protein Secretion?

A

Constitutive Secretion and Regulated Secretion

50
Q

What is Constitutive Secretion?

A

Vesicles constantly undergoing Exocytosis

51
Q

What Process consists of Vesicles constantly undergoing Exocystosis?

A

Constitutive Secretion

52
Q

What is Regulated Secretion?

A

Loaded Vesicles that are stored in the cytosol until they receive a release signal. (a signal to increase Cytosolic Ca2+)

53
Q

What Process consists of a loaded Vesicle waiting in the Cytosol for a release signal?

A

Regulated Secretion

54
Q

What is the Signal needed for Regulated Secretion?

A

Increase in Cytosolic Ca2+

55
Q

What is the default Vesecular Secretory Pathway?

A

Constitutive Secretion

56
Q

What process do Proteins with no Targeting Molecule undergo?

A

Constitutive Secretion

57
Q

What process do Proteins traveling to the Lysosome undergo?

A

Glycosylation to receive Mannose Monomers

58
Q

Where are Proteins going to the Lysosome made?

A

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

59
Q

What happens to a Lysosomal Protein In the ER?

A

Glycosylation (adding Mannose molecules to protein)

60
Q

What happens to the Protein in the Golgi Apparatus

A

Phosphorylation (adding phosphate to protein)

61
Q

What is the Signal Molecule for Lysosomal Protein?

A

Phosphate

BIOL 3040: Cell Structure and Function (49 decks)

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