14A Assignment Flashcards

1
Q

An _____-symbiotic relationship involves a mutualistic cross-feeding scenario involving multiple organisms, which, while in close association, remain independent concerning their genomes and their cellular boundary membranes.

Ecto-
Endo-

A

Ecto-

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2
Q

Which has a relatively convoluted, high surface area “inner membrane” compared to the others?

mitochondrion

chloroplast

bacterium

A

mitochondrion

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3
Q

The outer membrane of a bacterium is topologically equivalent to:

the chloroplast inner membrane

the chloroplast outer membrane

the mitochondrial inner membrane

the thylakoid membrane

A

the chloroplast outer membrane

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4
Q

The bacterial cytoplasm is most analogous to:

the mitochondrial intermembrane space

the mitochondrial matrix

the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell

A

the mitochondrial matrix

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5
Q

An ectosymbiotic relationship discussed in class ultimately gave rise to mitochondria. This occurred in _____, and involved a(n)_____ and a(n) _____.

Asgard Archaea, aerobic bacteria

aerobic bacteria, cyanobacteria

aerobic eukaryote, asgard archaea

aerobic bacteria, cyanobacteria

A

Asgard Archaea, aerobic bacteria

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6
Q

Which came first, prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

prokaryotes

eukaryotes

A

prokaryotes

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7
Q

Which came first, plants or aerobic eukaryotes?

aerobic eukaryotes

plants

A

aerobic eukaryotes

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8
Q

Which came first:

Aerobic eukaryotes
Asgard Archaea
Impossible to tell from this diagram.
Cyanobacteria
Proteobacteria

A

Impossible to tell from this diagram.

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9
Q

Which is an example of energy?

Chemical energy of oxidative substrates (e.g. fats, carbohydrates, etc.)

Potential energy of an electron donor

A transmembrane electrical, chemical, or electrochemical gradient

Chemical energy in the phosphoester or phosphoanhydride bonds of ATP

Sunlight

All of the above
A

All of the above

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10
Q

The major form of potential energy produced by the citric acid cycle:

ATP

reduced electron carriers (e.g. NADH)

CO2

a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

A

reduced electron carriers (e.g. NADH)

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11
Q

From which is O2 derived during photosynthesis?

CO2

sunlight

water

proton gradient

A

water

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12
Q

Oxygen consumed by respiration ends up in:

the citric acid cycle

water

CO2

NADH

A

water

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13
Q

Which depicts respiration?

(NADH) + (1/12 O2) + (H+) –>energy conversion process in membrane –>(NAD+) + (H2O)

(ADP) + (Pi) –> Oxidation Phosphorylation –> (ATP)

A

(NADH) + (1/12 O2) + (H+) –>energy conversion process in membrane –>(NAD+) + (H2O)

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14
Q

Which depicts action of an F-type ATPase?

(NADH) + (1/12 O2) + (H+) –>energy conversion process in membrane –>(NAD+) + (H2O)

(ADP) + (Pi) –> Oxidation Phosphorylation –> (ATP)

A

(ADP) + (Pi) –> Oxidation Phosphorylation –> (ATP)

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15
Q

The “energy conversion” processes in the membrane refer to:

building the potential energy of a proton gradient and the proton-motive force subsequently driving mechanical action of ATP synthase

production of CO2

the majority of the Krebs cycle

A

building the potential energy of a proton gradient and the proton-motive force subsequently driving mechanical action of ATP synthase

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16
Q

When protons move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space to the matrix through ATP synthase, the proton flow drives phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. What would happen if the ATP synthase were to run in reverse?

A

ATP synthase would hydrolyze ATP to ADP + Pi
and
a proton gradient would be generated

17
Q

Mitochondria have roles in:

Ca2+ buffering

oxidative phosphorylation

…and it goes on and on and on and on

the urea cycle

respiration

amino acid catabolism

gluconeogenesis

synthesis of phospholipids

heme synthesis

A

…and it goes on and on and on and on