Ch 20B Assignment Flashcards
About half of all cancers are thought to arise by infection with viruses, bacteria, or parasites.
True
False
False
An enzyme that normally suppresses PI3K acttivity is inactivated. This is expected to lead to_____.
excessive cell growth
decreased cell growth
inhibition of TOR activity
inhibition of AKT activity
excessive cell growth
Complete loss of function of Rb by just one somatic event is seen in _____.
nonhereditary retinoblastoma
hereditary retinoblastoma
normal and healthy indivuduals
hereditary familial adenomatous polyposis coli
hereditary retinoblastoma
What is Src?
It functions as a tumor suppressor
It’s loss drives cancer growth
It is a proto-oncogene
It is inactivated through viral DNA integration
It is a proto-oncogene
Which of the following proteins is NOT encoded by a proto-oncogene?
Ras
PTEN
EGF receptor
Myc
PTEN
Which of these mutations lead to cancer?
Inactivating mutations in tumor suppressor
Inactivating mutations in proto-oncogene
Inactivating mutations in oncogene
Passenger mutations
Inactivating mutations in tumor suppressor
Which of the following stressors can lead to p53 stabilization and activation?
Hypoxia
DNA damage
Telomere loss
All of the above
All of the above
The similarity between Apc in colon cancers and Rb in retinoblastomas is that both ________.
are mutated in at least one gene copy in patients with a hereditary form of the cancer.
are activated by missense mutations in both hereditary and nonhereditary forms of cancer.
should be activated in both copies to cause the nonhereditary form of the cancer.
All of the above.
are mutated in at least one gene copy in patients with a hereditary form of the cancer.
Mutation in which of the following genes is most prevalent in a rare hereditary form of colorectal cancer?
Beta-Catenin
K-Ras
Rb
APC
APC
Mutations in p53 and Rb contribute to many cancers. What type of mutations are these?
Loss-of-function mutations in both genes
Loss-of-function mutation in p53 and gain-of-function mutation in Rb
Gain-of-function mutation in p53 and loss-of-function mutation in Rb
Gain-of-function mutations in both genes
Loss-of-function mutations in both genes
Cancer-inducing mutations in these genes are commonly seen in the form of nonsense (truncating) mutations that abort protein synthesis. What are these genes likely to be?
tumor suppressors
oncogenes
proto-oncogenes
passenger mutants
tumor suppressors
Genetically knocking out both copies of the p53 gene in rats …
is embryonic lethal.
increases cell death by apoptosis, leading to developmental defects.
leads to higher cancer rates but normal development is mostly unaffected.
does not have any effect on the rats.
leads to higher cancer rates but normal development is mostly unaffected.
Which of these mutations occur as a result of genomic instability but are not primary regulators of tumor development?
driver mutations
passenger mutations
inactivating mutations in a tumor suppressor
activating mutations in an oncogene
passenger mutations
Which of the following is an epigenetic change that coud inactivate a tumor suppressor?
Packing gene into heterochromatin
Gene amplification
Missense mutations that lead to codon changes
Protein truncation by insertion of a stop codon
Packing gene into heterochromatin
Which statement about Cancers is FALSE?
Cancer can be induced by infectious agents such as viruses.
Most cancers originate from a single aberrant cell.
The earlier a cancer is diagnosed, the better the chances are for a cure.
Cancers become less heterogenous as they develop
Cancers become less heterogenous as they develop
Which of the following sequential barriers to metastasis is the easiest to overcome for cancer cells in general?
Vessel entry through acquisition of local invasiveness
Exit from the blood into a remote tissue or organ
Initial growth of cells in the foreign tissue
Persistence of growth in the remote site
Exit from the blood into a remote tissue or organ
Which group would you expect to have loss-of-function mutations in the DNA mismatch repair system genes MSH2 and MLH1 as their primary driver mutations?
HNPCC, which has an almost normal karyotype
non-HNPCC, which has a grossly abnormal karyotype
FAP, which has an almost normal karyotype
FAP, which has a grossly abnormal karyotype
HNPCC, which has an almost normal karyotype
Cancer-inducing mutations in these genes include gene duplications and these genes are likely to be……………
Cdk inhibitors
tumor suppressors
cell cycle inhibitors
oncogenes
oncogenes
Bioluminescence imaging can track cancer cells in mice by capturing the activity of which of the following proteins?
Tyrosine kinase
Luciferin
Luciferase
Tumor suppressor
Luciferase
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of high AKT activity?
increased protein synthesis
increased lipid synthesis
increased cell death
increased cell growth
increased cell death
