Chapter 11 Flashcards
Exam 3
Career Development:
How should it be viewed?
Should be viewed as a lifelong process involving both the individual and the environment in which he or she lives
Career Development:
How is it accomplished?
Accomplished through self and work environment assessment, job analysis, education, training, job search and acquisition, and work experience
Career Development:
Who must career development include?
Career development in an organization must include more than management employees.
Justification for Career Development
What does it reduce?
Reduces employee attrition
Justification for Career Development
What does it improve?
Improves the use of personnel
Improves the quality of work life
Improves competitiveness of the organization
Justification for Career Development
What does it provide?
Provides equal employment opportunity
Justification for Career Development
What does it promote?
Promotes evidence-based practice
Justification for Career Development
What does it avoid?
Avoids obsolescence and builds new skills
Individual Responsibilities for Career Management
What should you assess?
Self-assess interests, skills, strengths, with weaknesses, and values
Assess the organization for opportunities
Assess opportunities outside
Reassess and make new plans as necessary, at least biannually
Individual Responsibilities for Career Management
What should you determine?
Determine goals
Individual Responsibilities for Career Management
What should you do with plans?
Implement plans
Evaluate plans
Individual Responsibilities for Career Management
What should be developed?
Develop strategies
Organizational Responsibilities for Career Management
Establish? Dissemination? Posting? Assessing? Integrating?
Integration of needs
Establishment of career paths
Dissemination of career information
Posting of job openings
Assessment of employees
Organizational Responsibilities for Career Management
What should there be a provision in?
Provision of challenging assignments
Organizational Responsibilities for Career Management
Support for? develop what? provision of?
Giving support and encouragement
Development of personnel policies
Provision of education and training
Organizational Responsibilities for Career Management
What kind of assignments should be given to nurses?
*Providing challenging assignments is one way that the nurse’s skills and knowledge can be enhanced, benefiting career development/
Career Planning #1
What does it include?
Includes evaluating one’s strengths and weaknesses, setting goals, examining career opportunities, preparing for potential opportunities, and using appropriate developmental activities
Career Planning
At a minimum, what should it include?
Career planning should include, at minimum, a commitment to the use of evidence-based practice, learning new skills or bettering practice through the use of role models and mentors, staying aware of and being involved in professional issues, and furthering one’s education.
Career Planning
How do some people view nursing?
Some nurses lack a career focus and instead view nursing as a job.
Career Planning
Some nurses lack a career focus and instead view nursing as a job.
What does this viewpoint do?
This viewpoint limits opportunities for professional advancement and personal growth because what cannot be imagined rarely becomes a reality.
Career Stage includes:
Promise
Momentum
Harvest
Career Stage:
Promise: What does it reflect
Generally reflects the first 10 years of employment; making wise career choices is important
Career Stage:
Promise: What are milestones?
Milestones: socialization to the nursing role; building knowledge, skills, abilities, credentials, and an education base; gaining exposure to a variety of experiences; identifying strengths and building confidence; and positioning for the future
What is the earliest of the career phases? What does it reflect? When does this stage begin?
Promise is the earliest of the career phases and typically reflects the first 10 years of nursing employment.
This stage begins after graduation.
Career Stage: #1
Promise: When does role modeling become more of a priority in the nursing career?
Role modeling becomes more of a priority in the subsequent stages of the nurse’s career but not in the promise stage.
Career Stage: #2
Momentum: When it this?
Is the middle career phase and typically reflects the nurse with 11 to 29 years of experience
Career Stage: #2
Momentum: What are milestones of this phase?
Milestones: further building confidence in one’s competence; developing experience, gaining mastery, and establishing a professional track record; and finding a voice through aligning strengths with passion
Career Stage: #2
Momentum: Who are nurses in this stage?
Nurses in this stage are experienced clinicians with expert knowledge, skills, abilities, credentials, and education base.
Career Stage: #2
Momentum: During this stage, how are nurses to others?
During the momentum stage, nurses are role model to others.
Career Stage: #3
Harvest: When is this?
Commences in late career
Career Stage: #3
Harvest: What are milestones?
Milestones: elevating mastery to sage practice for advancing the profession and positioning as a professional statesperson and establishing a legacy
Career Stage: #3
Harvest: What becomes an increasing concern in this stage?
Obsolescence (or the perception of it) becomes an increasing concern during the harvest stage.
Career Stage:
What did Benner suggest?
Benner (1982) suggests that in the transition from novice to expert, nurses develop skills and an understanding of patient care over time through a sound educational base as well as experience. Thus, the new nurse moves from reliance on past abstract principles to the use of past concrete experience and changes his or her perception of situations to whole parts rather than separate pieces.
Career Stage:
Multiple types of transition-to-practice programs exist, what do they do?
Multiple types of transition-to-practice programs exist, but all are focused on helping nursing students bridge from school into employment.
Career Coaching:
What does it help others do?
Involves helping others to identify professional goals and career options and then designing a career plan to achieve those goals
Career Coaching:
What occurs in short term coaching?
In short-term career coaching, the manager regularly asks employees questions or challenges them to refocus their perspective or improve their performance.
Long-Term Coaching: What is it?
Planned, systematic management action that occurs over the duration of an employee’s employment
Long-Term Coaching: When should it be done?
Should occur at least annually in addition to performance appraisal
Long-Term Coaching: What does it include?
Includes data gathering, assessing what is possible, and performing coaching interview
Management Development:
What is it?
The planned system of training and developing people so that they acquire the skills, insights, and attitudes needed to manage people and their work effectively within the organization
Management Development:
What is it often referred to as?
Often referred to as succession planning
Management Development:
How must it be done?
Must be planned and systematically implemented
Management Development:
Who must it be supported by?
Must be supported by top-level administration
Management Development:
What must it include?
Must include a means of developing appropriate attitudes through social learning theory and adequate management theoretical content
Management Development Programs
Who should bear the cost of management development classes?
Top-level management should bear the cost of management development classes and create an organizational structure that allows managers to apply their new knowledge.
Management Development Programs
Who should teach the classes whenever possible?
Whenever possible, nursing administrators should teach some of the classes and, at the very least, make sure that the program supports top-management philosophy.
Professional Specialty Certification
What do nurses need for this?
Nurses must meet eligibility criteria that may include years and types of work experience as well as minimum educational levels, active nursing licenses, and successful completion of a nationally administered examination.
Professional Specialty Certification
How long do certifications last?
Certifications normally last 5 years.
Personal Benefits of Professional Certification
Provides a sense of accomplishment and achievement
Validates specialty knowledge and competence to peers and patients
Promotes greater autonomy of practice
Provides for increased career opportunities and greater competitiveness in the job market
May result in salary incentives
Provides increased credibility
Increases self-confidence
Resumés #1
How should the resume be?
The resumé should be typed on good paper in a format that is easy to read.
The resumé should maximize strong points and minimize weaknesses.
The style should reflect good grammar, correct punctuation, proper sentence structure, and simple, direct language.
Resumés #1
What should be included in the resume?
A cover letter should be included.
Resumés #2
What is included in career management?
Continued competency is also a part of career management.
Resumés #3
What does not assure competence throughout a career?
Passing a licensing exam and continuing to work as a clinician does not assure competence throughout a career.
Resumés #3
What does competence require?
Competence requires continual updates to knowledge and practice, and this is difficult in a health-care environment characterized by rapidly emerging new technologies, chaotic change, and perpetual clinical advancements.
Resumés
What do many states have?
Many professional associations and states have mandated continuing education (CE) for RN license renewal to promote continued competence. However, there is no agreement on the optimal number of annual credits needed to ensure competence, and the type of CE needed.
Nursing Portfolio
All nurses should maintain a professional portfolio (a collection of materials that document a nurse’s competencies and illustrate the expertise of the nurse) to reflect their professional growth over their career.
