Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is Physiology?
The study of the body and its parts work and function
How structure determines function
What is Anatomy?
The study of the structure and shape of the body and it’s parts
What’s the difference between gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy?
Gross anatomy: Large structures
Microscopic anatomy: structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye
What are the levels of organization?
- Chemical level
- Cellular level
- Tissue level
- Organ level
- Organ system level
- Organismal level
What are the organ systems?
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic / Immune
Digestive
Integumentary
Respiratory
Reproductive
Skeletal
Muscular
Urinary
What is the pH of blood
7.35 - 7.45
What is the pH of the stomach?
1-3
What do you need to maintain homeostasis?
Negative feedback
What are the life functions?
Maintain Boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
What are our survival needs?
Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Normal Body Temperature
Atmospheric Pressure
What is the anatomical position?
Face front with palms out
*anterior and posterior don’t change based on person’s position
What does superior mean? (in relation to anatomical position)
Also what’s another term for superior?
Toward the head end or upper part of the body
Cranial
What does inferior mean? (In relation to anatomical position)
The lower part of the body; toward the feet
What does anterior mean? (in relation to anatomical position)
What’s another term for anterior?
Toward or at the front of the body
Ventral
What does posterior mean? (in relation to anatomical position)
What’s another term for Posterior?
Toward or at the backside of the body; behind; the back
Dorsal
What does medial mean?
Toward or at the midline of the body
What does lateral mean?
Away from the midline of the body
What does intermediate mean, in relation to anatomical position?
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
What does proximal mean, in relation to anatomical position?
Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
(Example: knee is proximal to ankle)
What does distal mean?
Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
(example: ankle is distal to knee)
What does superficial mean?
Toward or at the body surface
External
What does deep mean, in relation to anatomical position?
Away from the body surface; more internal
Internal
What does Ipsilateral mean?
Means on the same side of the body
What does Contralateral mean?
Means on the opposite side of the body
What pain is common in the RUQ?
Infection / inflammation in gallbladder
What’s the most common pain in the LUQ?
Problems in the spleen or stomach
What pain is common in the RLQ?
Appendicitis
What pain is common in the LLQ?
Diverculitis
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions
Why is homeostasis necessary?
Necessary for normal body functioning and to sustain life
What 3 components do you need to maintain homeostasis?
Receptor
Control Center
Effector
What does a receptor do?
Responds to changes in the environment (stimuli)
Sends information to control center along an afferent pathway
What does the control center do?
Analyzes information
Determines appropriate response
What does the effector do?
Provides a means for response to the stimulus
Information flows from control center to effector along the efferent pathway
What is negative feedback do when talking about homeostasis?
Shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity
Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms
What does positive feedback do when talking about homeostasis?
Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther
Rare in the human body
What does midsagittal mean?
Evenly dividing the right and left side
What does parasagittal mean?
Unevenly dividing the right and left side
What does a frontal (coronal) cut mean?
Divides the anterior and the posterior
What does a transverse (horizontal) cut mean?
Divides superior and inferior
How many cavities does the thoracic cavity have? What are they?
3 cavities
Right Pleural cavity
Left Pleural cavity
Mediastinum
