Ch 11d: Cardiovascular System: Heart

Question 1

What factors can affect regulation of blood vessels?

Answer 1

Neural control
Renal control

Question 2

What operates via reflex arcs that involve:
Cardiovascular center of medulla
Baroreceptors

Answer 2

Neural Control

Question 3

What are baroreceptors?

Answer 3

Stretch receptors

Question 4

Where are baroreceptors found?

Answer 4

In carotid synesis and aortic arch

Question 5

For Neural Control:

In parasympathetic, what decreases rate and what increases delay?

Answer 5

SA node decreases rate
AV node increases delay

Question 6

For Neural Control:

In Sympathetic, what increases rate and what decreases delay?
What else increases?

Answer 6

SA node increases rate
AV node decreases delay
Stroke volume increases

Question 7

Study the baroreflexes for Neural Control

Question 8

What is this:

• Baroreceptors quickly adapt to chronic high or low BP
• Long term control BP via kidneys
• Kidneys regulate arterial blood pressure indrectly

Answer 8

Renal Regulation

Question 9

What is RAAS

Answer 9

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

Question 10

low blood flow in kidneys turns into renin which turns into Angiotensin II which stimulates what 4 things?

Answer 10

Stimulates release of Anti-diaretic hormone (ADH)
Stimulates Aldosterin
Vasoconstriction
Stimulates thirst center

Question 11

Angiotensin II –> stimulates release of ___________ –> increase water reabsorption –> increase volume –> increase Pressure

Answer 11

Anti-diaretic hormone

Question 12

Angiotensin II –> stimulates __________ –> causes kidneys to reabsorb salt –> reabsorb water –> increase blood volume –> Pressure

Answer 12

Aldosterin

Question 13

Angiotensin II –> ___________ –> increase TPR –> increase Pressure

Answer 13

vasoconstrictor

Question 14

Angiotensin II –> stimulates _________ –> water intake –> increase blood volume –> increase BP

Answer 14

Thirst Center

Question 15

What is Hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 15

Blood pressure forces fluid and solutes out of capillaries

Question 16

What is Osmotic pressure?

Answer 16

Draws fluid into capillaries

Question 17

At arterial end of capillary, blood pressure’s ____________ osmotic pressure

Answer 17

More than

Question 18

At venule end of capillary, blood pressure’s ________ osmotic pressure

Answer 18

less than

Question 19

What happens in the 1st phase of blood flow?

Answer 19

Atrial diastole (ventricular filling)

Question 20

What valve is open and what valve is closed during the Atrial Diastole?

Answer 20

AV valve: Open
SL valve: Closed

Question 21

What happens in the 2nd phase of blood flow?

Answer 21

Atrial Systole

Question 22

What valve is open and what valve is closed during Atrial Systole?

Answer 22

AV valve: Open
SL valve: Closed

Question 23

What happens in the 3rd phase of blood flow?

Answer 23

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 24

Are the valves opened or closed during the Isovolumetric contraction?

Answer 24

Closed

Question 25

What happens in the 4th phase of blood flow?

Answer 25

Ventricular Systole (ejection phase)

Question 26

What valve is open and what valve is closed during the Ventricular Systole?

Answer 26

AV valve: Closed
SL valve: Open

Question 27

What happens in the 5th phase of blood flow?

Answer 27

Isovolumetric Relaxation

Question 28

Are the valves open or closed during the Isovolumetric relaxation?

Answer 28

Closed