Ch 3: Cells & Body Tissue Flashcards
What is cell theory?
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms
What are the roles of proteins in the plasma membrane?
- Enzymes
- Receptors for hormones or other chemical messengers
- Transport as channels or carriers
What is the role of sugars in the plasma membrane?
Prevent cells from going to other areas
What is Glycocalyx and what does it do?
The fuzzy, sticky, sugar-rich area on the cell’s surface
It’s identification for the type of cell junction
What does the nucleus control?
The center of the cell
What does the nucleus contain? And why is needed and necessary?
- Contains genetic material (DNA)
- Needed for building proteins
- Necessary for cell reproduction
What are the 3 regions of the Nucleus?
- Nuclear Envelope (membrane)
- Nucleolus
- Chromatin
What is cytosol?
Fluid that suspends other elements and contains nutrients and electrolytes
What are the Inclusions in Cytoplasm?
Chemical substances, such as stored nutrients or cell products, that float in the cytosol
What are the organelles in the Cytoplasm?
- Mitochondria (most ATP)
- Rough Ribosomes (Protein synthesis)
- Smooth Ribosomes (Synth lipids, detox)
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi apparatus (“the post office”)
- Lysosome & Peroxisome (“garbage disposal” digestive, get rid of bad shit)
- Cytoskeleton (microfilament, intermediate filament, microtubules)
What do Cilia do?
Move materials across the cell surface
What do flagella do?
Propel the cell (aka the sperm)
What are microvilli? What do they do?
Tiny, fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane
Increase surface area for absorption
What is the homogeneous mixture of 2 or more components?
Solution
What is the dissolving medium present in the larger quantity?
Solvent
**Water is body’s main solvent
What is the thing getting dissolved in water called?
Solute
What is osmosis?
Simple diffusion of water
What is the drive for osmosis? (AKA pulling water)
Osmotic Pressure
What is tonicity?
The ability of solution changes the tone (volume) of a cell
LOOK AT DRAWINGS FOR SIMPLE DIFFUSION AND FACILIATED DIFFUSION
Is ATP required for passive transport?
No
What is this:
- Water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid (hydrostatic) pressure
Filtration
What must exist that pushes solute-containing fluid (filtrate) from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area?
Pressure gradient
During pressure gradience and filtration, what exits and what enters?
Sodium exits
Potassium enters
What serves as a blueprint for making proteins and genetic code?
DNA
What letters go with each other in DNA?
A-T
C-G
What letters go together in RNA?
A-U
C-G
What order does the cell cycle go through?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase / Cytokinesis