Ch 13: The Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the 2 parts of the structural division of the respiratory system?
Upper respiratory system
Lower respiratory system
What are the parts of the upper respiratory system?
Nose
Mouth
Sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
What are the parts of the lower respiratory system?
Trachea
Bronchial tubes
Lungs
What are the 2 functional zones of the respiratory system?
Conducting zone
Respiratory zone
What is this:
Increase surface area, thus providing for rapid warming and humidification of air
Nasal Conchae
What controls the pressure within the middle ear, making it equal with the air pressure outside the body?
Pharyngotympanic tube
What is this:
During swallowing, soft platelet and uvula move together to close off nasopharynx and prevent food from entering nasal cavity. Produces thin saliva
Uvula
What is the passage way for air and food?
Pharynx
What connects pharynx and trachea, contains vocal folds, which produce sound when they vibrate?
Larynx
What is a tracheotomy?
Incision into the trachea
What is the difference between the right and left lungs?
Right - 3 lobes, wider, shorter (makes room for liver)
Left - 2 lobes, narrower, cardiac notch
What’s in the conducting zone?
Trachea
Main Bronchi
Lobar
Segmental bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
What’s in the respiratory zone?
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar Ducts
Alveolar sacs
What zone can gas exchange in?
Respiratory zone
What’s surrounded by fine elastic fibers and pulmonary capillaries?
Alveoli
Alveolar pores connect to what?
Adjacent alveoli
What equalizes air pressure throughout the lungs?
Alveoli
What provides alternative routes in case of blockages?
Alveoli
What keeps alveolar surfaces sterile?
Alveolar macrophages
What are the types of Alveolar Cells
Type I
Type II
What type of Alveolar Cell is this:
- Cover majority of alveolar surface
- Central nucleus and large thin cytoplasm
- Not capable of division
Type I
What type of Alveolar Cell is this:
- Produce pulmonary surfactant
- Progenitor
Type II
What does a type II progenitor mean?
Means they turn into Type I of Alveolar cells
What is surface tension?
Liquid-air interfaces
What is this:
- Amphiphilic molecules
- Absorbed in the air-water interface
- Hydrophobic part in the air; hydrophilic part in water
- Decreases surface tension
Surfactant
What is infant respiratory distress syndrome?
Insufficient quantity of surfactant in premature babies
What are the 3 pleural membranes?
Parietal pleural
Visceral pleural
Pleural cavity
What is attached to chest wall (recoil out) and has nerves, making it highly sensitive to pain?
Parietal pleural
What is attached to the lungs (recoil in) and has no sensory innervation?
Visceral pleural
What is the space between the pleura, containing small amount of pleural fluid?
Pleural cavity
What is this:
Lungs have no muscles, volume of thoracic cavity is increased to increase volume in lungs
Mechanical coupling
What is respiration?
Exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells
Combination of 3 processes is required for respiration to occur, what are they?
- Ventilation (breathing)
- External (pulmonary) respiration
- Internal (tissue) respiration
What is this:
Air flows between the atmosphere and alveoli of the lungs due to alternating pressure differences
- Created by contraction and relaxation of respiratory muscles
Pulmonary muscles
What is inhilation?
Air in lungs (inspiration)
What is Exhalation?
Air out of lungs (expiration)