Ch 11c: Cardiovascular System: Heart Flashcards
What changes if either or both SV and HR is changed?
CO
CO is affected by factors leading to _________________ or _________________
Regulation of stroke volume
Regulation of Heart Rate
What does SV stand for?
Stroke Volume
What’s EDV?
End diastole Volume
(volume right before systole)
What’s ESV?
End Systolic Volume
(Volume right before diastolic)
What’s the equation for Stroke Volume?
SV = EDV - ESV
What’s affected by length of ventricular diastole and venous pressure?
EDV
What’s affected by arterial BP and force of ventricular contraction?
ESV
What are the 3 main factors that affect SV?
Preload
Contractility
Afterload
What’s Preload?
EDV; Load that’s started with
What’s Contractility?
Increased efficiency
(thus moving to a new curve)
What’s Afterload?
Force we are pumping against
What’s Hypertension?
High Blood Pressure
What carries blood away from the heart and to the body?
Arteries and Arterioles
What exchanges vessels and connects Arterioles & Venules?
Capillaries
What carries blood from the body to the heart?
Venules and Veins
What Tunica is this:
- Endothelium
- Loose connective tissue
Tunica Intima
What Tunica is this:
- Smooth muscle (thicker)
- Elastic fibers
Tunica Media
What Tunica is this:
- Collagen fibers
Tunica Externa
What only has endothelial cells?
Capillary
What is vesoconstriction?
Diameter decreases
What is vesodilate?
Diameter Increases
What are capillary beds?
Interwoven network of capillaries
Where do capillary beds drain into?
Postcapillary Venule
What makes veins different from arteries?
They have thinner tunica interna and tunica medina
What stops the blood from going back down (gravity)?
Valves
Skeletal Muscle Pump
______________: Volume of blood that flows through tissue over time period (mL/min)
Blood Flow
Total blood flow is ________________
Cardiac Output
______________ for individual organs vary, depending on organ’s needs
Blood Flow
__________ is needed to make blood flow
Pressure
What is Arterial Pulse?
Alternative expansion and recoil of a blood vessel that occurs as the heart beats
Where is Arterial Pulse monitored?
At pressure points
What generates Blood Pressure?
Heart
Pressure is highest in _________ and declines throughout ____________
Aorta
Pathway
What is pressure gradient?
Driving force to keep blood moving
What are the 2 arterial blood pressures that are measured?
Systolic
Diastolic
What is Systolic pressure?
Pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction
What is Diastolic pressure?
Pressure when ventricles relax
How is blood pressure expressed?
Systolic pressure over Diastolic pressure
What is resistance?
Opposition to flow
What is Peripheral Resistance?
Amount of friction blood encounters with vessel walls
What are the 3 important sources of resistance?
Blood Viscosity
Total Blood Vessel Length
Blood Vessel Diameter
What does MAP mean?
Mean Arterial Pressure
What does TPR mean?
Total Peripheral Resistance
What is the equation for MAP?
MAP = CO x TPR
What can we alter to change Pressure?
HR
SV
TPR
What factors affect TPR?
Viscosity of fluid, length of vessel, diameter of vessel
