Ch 10: Cardiovascular System: Blood Flashcards
What are the 3 parts of the CV system?
Blood
Heart
Blood Vessels
What are the 3 functions of Blood?
Transport
Regulation
Protection
Which function of Blood is this:
- Deliver O2 and nutrients to body cells
- Transport metabolic wastes to lungs and kidneys for elimination
Transport
Which function of Blood is this:
- Maintain body temp by absorbing and distributing heat
- Maintain normal pH using buffers
- Maintain adequate fluid volume in circulatory system
Regulation
Which function of Blood is this:
- Prevent infection (with white blood cells)
- Prevent blood loss
Protection
What are the properties of Blood
- Liquid connective tissue
- Cells surrounded by plasma
- 8% body weight
- Color is reds
What are the estimated volumes of blood in humans?
Males: 5-6L
Females: 4-5L
What color is blood
Scarlet (high [O2])
Dark Red (low [O2])
What is the pH of blood
7.35 - 7.45
What is buffy coat?
Composed of white blood cells and platelets
What are the 3 formed elements of Blood
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
What are Erythrocytes?
Red Blood Cells
Why aren’t red blood cells true cells?
Because there’s no nuclei
What are Leukocytes?
White Blood Cells
What are Thrombocytes?
Platelets
Why aren’t platelets really cells?
Because they’re broken pieces of 1 cell
What is blood plasma?
Straw-colored sticky fluid
About 90% water
What are the dissolved solutes of plasma?
Nutrients
Gases
Hormones
Wastes
Proteins
Inorganic Ions
What is the major plasma?
Protein
What is the main protein in plasma?
Albumin
What contains the protein Hemoglobin?
Red Blood Cells
What does hemoglobin do?
Carries the oxygen
What does Erythrocytes contribute to?
Blood Viscosity
(^ = thick, slow flow) (v = thin, rapid flow)
Which blood cell doesn’t have the mitochondria?
Red Blood Cells
What are the 2 most classified erythrocyte disorders?
Anemia and Polycythemia
What is the disorder where one doesn’t have enough oxygen?
Anemia
How many oxygen molecules does each hemoglobin bind to?
4
What is the disorder where one has too much oxygen?
Polycythemia
What is this:
- Abnormal excess of RBCs
Increases blood viscosity, causing sluggish blood flow
Increase risk of blood clots
Polycythemia
What is this:
- Contain a nucleus and organelles, but no hemoglobin
- Normally < 1% of total blood volume
- Increase is a normal response to infection
- 5 major types
Leukocytes
What is the main function of Leukocytes?
Protect against disease
What are the 2 main categories of Leukocytes?
Granulocytes
Agranolocyctes
What are the 5 major types of Leukocytes?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
What are the 2 types of Lymphocytes?
T Lymphocytes (T Cells)
B Lymphocytes (B Cells)
What do T lymphocytes do?
Act against virus-infected cells and tumor cells
What do B Lymphocytes do?
Produce antibodies
What is this:
- Cancerous condition involving overproduction of abnormal WBCs
Leukemias
What is this:
- Formation of blood cells
- Occurs in red blood marrow
- Hemocytoblasts
Hematopoiesis
What are hemocytoblasts?
Hematopoietic stem cells
What is Erythropoietin (EPO)?
Hormone that stimulates formation of RBCs
What is this:
- Fragments of multinucleate cells
- Needed for the clotting process
- Age quickly and degenerate in about 10 days
Platelets
What is the function of platelets?
Form temporary platelet plug that helps seal breaks in blood vessels
What is hemostasis?
It’s a sequence of responses that stop bleeding
What does the process of Hemostasis involve?
- Vascular Spasm
- Platelet plug formation
- Blood Clotting (coagulation)
What is this:
- Immediate response to blood vessel injury
- Vasoconstriction causes blood vessel to spasm
- Spasms narrow the blood vessel, decreasing blood loss
Vascular Spasm
What is this:
- Collagen fibers exposed by break in blood vessels
- Platelets become sticky and cling to fibers
Release chemicals to attract more platelets
Platelets pile up
Platelet plug formation
What is this:
- Injured tissues release tissue factor
- Interacts with clotting factors
Coagulation / Blood Clotting
What is the clotting cascade in Coagulation?
Prothrombin is converted Thrombin
Thrombin turns into Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen turns into an insoluable Fibrin
Fibrin forms a meshwork
What is Thrombin?
An enzyme
What are the 2 types of Hemostasis disorders?
Thromboembolic Disorders
Bleeding Disorders
What are thromboembolic disorders?
Undesirable clot formation
What are bleeding disorders?
Prevent normal clot formation
What is this:
- A clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel
- Can be deadly in areas such as the lungs
Thrombus
What is this:
- A thrombus that breaks away and floats freely in blood stream
- Can later clog vessels in critical areas such as brain
Embolus
What are the 2 types of bleeding disorders?
Thrombocytopenia
Hemophilia
What bleeding disorder is this:
- Insufficient number of circulating platelets
- Arises from any condition that suppresses the bone marrow
Thrombocytopenia
What bleeding disorder is this:
- Includes several similar hereditary bleeding disorders
- Normal clotting factors are missing
- Symptoms include prolonged bleeding, especially in joint cavities
Hemophilia
What are Hematocrit Values?
% of RBCs in total blood volume
What is Leukopenia?
Abnormally low WBC count
What causes leukopenia?
Can be drug induced, particularly by anticancer drugs or
glucocorticoids
What does this cause:
Decreased RBC numbers due to hemorrhage or increased destruction
Hypoxia
What does this cause:
Insufficient hemoglobin per RBC
Hypoxia
What does this cause:
Reduced availability of O2
Hypoxia
