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Class A&P > Ch 10: Cardiovascular System: Blood > Flashcards

Ch 10: Cardiovascular System: Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the CV system?

A

Blood
Heart
Blood Vessels

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2
Q

What are the 3 functions of Blood?

A

Transport
Regulation
Protection

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3
Q

Which function of Blood is this:

  • Deliver O2 and nutrients to body cells
  • Transport metabolic wastes to lungs and kidneys for elimination
A

Transport

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4
Q

Which function of Blood is this:

  • Maintain body temp by absorbing and distributing heat
  • Maintain normal pH using buffers
  • Maintain adequate fluid volume in circulatory system
A

Regulation

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5
Q

Which function of Blood is this:

  • Prevent infection (with white blood cells)
  • Prevent blood loss
A

Protection

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6
Q

What are the properties of Blood

A
  • Liquid connective tissue
  • Cells surrounded by plasma
  • 8% body weight
  • Color is reds
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7
Q

What are the estimated volumes of blood in humans?

A

Males: 5-6L
Females: 4-5L

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8
Q

What color is blood

A

Scarlet (high [O2])
Dark Red (low [O2])

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9
Q

What is the pH of blood

A

7.35 - 7.45

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10
Q

What is buffy coat?

A

Composed of white blood cells and platelets

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11
Q

What are the 3 formed elements of Blood

A

Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets

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12
Q

What are Erythrocytes?

A

Red Blood Cells

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13
Q

Why aren’t red blood cells true cells?

A

Because there’s no nuclei

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14
Q

What are Leukocytes?

A

White Blood Cells

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15
Q

What are Thrombocytes?

A

Platelets

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16
Q

Why aren’t platelets really cells?

A

Because they’re broken pieces of 1 cell

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17
Q

What is blood plasma?

A

Straw-colored sticky fluid
About 90% water

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18
Q

What are the dissolved solutes of plasma?

A

Nutrients
Gases
Hormones
Wastes
Proteins
Inorganic Ions

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19
Q

What is the major plasma?

A

Protein

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20
Q

What is the main protein in plasma?

A

Albumin

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21
Q

What contains the protein Hemoglobin?

A

Red Blood Cells

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22
Q

What does hemoglobin do?

A

Carries the oxygen

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23
Q

What does Erythrocytes contribute to?

A

Blood Viscosity

(^ = thick, slow flow) (v = thin, rapid flow)

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24
Q

Which blood cell doesn’t have the mitochondria?

A

Red Blood Cells

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25
Q

What are the 2 most classified erythrocyte disorders?

A

Anemia and Polycythemia

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26
Q

What is the disorder where one doesn’t have enough oxygen?

A

Anemia

27
Q

How many oxygen molecules does each hemoglobin bind to?

A

4

28
Q

What is the disorder where one has too much oxygen?

A

Polycythemia

29
Q

What is this:

  • Abnormal excess of RBCs
    Increases blood viscosity, causing sluggish blood flow
    Increase risk of blood clots
A

Polycythemia

30
Q

What is this:

  • Contain a nucleus and organelles, but no hemoglobin
  • Normally < 1% of total blood volume
  • Increase is a normal response to infection
  • 5 major types
A

Leukocytes

31
Q

What is the main function of Leukocytes?

A

Protect against disease

32
Q

What are the 2 main categories of Leukocytes?

A

Granulocytes
Agranolocyctes

33
Q

What are the 5 major types of Leukocytes?

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

34
Q

What are the 2 types of Lymphocytes?

A

T Lymphocytes (T Cells)
B Lymphocytes (B Cells)

35
Q

What do T lymphocytes do?

A

Act against virus-infected cells and tumor cells

36
Q

What do B Lymphocytes do?

A

Produce antibodies

37
Q

What is this:

  • Cancerous condition involving overproduction of abnormal WBCs
A

Leukemias

38
Q

What is this:

  • Formation of blood cells
  • Occurs in red blood marrow
  • Hemocytoblasts
A

Hematopoiesis

39
Q

What are hemocytoblasts?

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

40
Q

What is Erythropoietin (EPO)?

A

Hormone that stimulates formation of RBCs

41
Q

What is this:

  • Fragments of multinucleate cells
  • Needed for the clotting process
  • Age quickly and degenerate in about 10 days
A

Platelets

42
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Form temporary platelet plug that helps seal breaks in blood vessels

43
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

It’s a sequence of responses that stop bleeding

44
Q

What does the process of Hemostasis involve?

A
  1. Vascular Spasm
  2. Platelet plug formation
  3. Blood Clotting (coagulation)
45
Q

What is this:

  • Immediate response to blood vessel injury
  • Vasoconstriction causes blood vessel to spasm
  • Spasms narrow the blood vessel, decreasing blood loss
A

Vascular Spasm

46
Q

What is this:

  • Collagen fibers exposed by break in blood vessels
  • Platelets become sticky and cling to fibers
    Release chemicals to attract more platelets
    Platelets pile up
A

Platelet plug formation

47
Q

What is this:

  • Injured tissues release tissue factor
  • Interacts with clotting factors
A

Coagulation / Blood Clotting

48
Q

What is the clotting cascade in Coagulation?

A

Prothrombin is converted Thrombin

Thrombin turns into Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen turns into an insoluable Fibrin

Fibrin forms a meshwork

49
Q

What is Thrombin?

A

An enzyme

50
Q

What are the 2 types of Hemostasis disorders?

A

Thromboembolic Disorders
Bleeding Disorders

51
Q

What are thromboembolic disorders?

A

Undesirable clot formation

52
Q

What are bleeding disorders?

A

Prevent normal clot formation

53
Q

What is this:

  • A clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel
  • Can be deadly in areas such as the lungs
A

Thrombus

54
Q

What is this:

  • A thrombus that breaks away and floats freely in blood stream
  • Can later clog vessels in critical areas such as brain
A

Embolus

55
Q

What are the 2 types of bleeding disorders?

A

Thrombocytopenia
Hemophilia

56
Q

What bleeding disorder is this:

  • Insufficient number of circulating platelets
  • Arises from any condition that suppresses the bone marrow
A

Thrombocytopenia

57
Q

What bleeding disorder is this:

  • Includes several similar hereditary bleeding disorders
  • Normal clotting factors are missing
  • Symptoms include prolonged bleeding, especially in joint cavities
A

Hemophilia

58
Q

What are Hematocrit Values?

A

% of RBCs in total blood volume

59
Q

What is Leukopenia?

A

Abnormally low WBC count

60
Q

What causes leukopenia?

A

Can be drug induced, particularly by anticancer drugs or
glucocorticoids

61
Q

What does this cause:
Decreased RBC numbers due to hemorrhage or increased destruction

A

Hypoxia

62
Q

What does this cause:
Insufficient hemoglobin per RBC

A

Hypoxia

63
Q

What does this cause:
Reduced availability of O2

A

Hypoxia

64
Q
A

Class A&P (17 decks)

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