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understanding human disease > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

leading causes of death in the U.S (adults)

A

Heart disease and cancer

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2
Q

disease

A

alteration of structure or function, any disturbance of function or structure of the body –> loss of homeostasis

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3
Q

acute

A

quick, onset

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4
Q

chronic

A

long term

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5
Q

etiology

A

cause of disease

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6
Q

structural (organic) disease

A

associated with structural changes –> gross examination and histologic examination

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7
Q

functional disease

A

no morphological abnormalities yet body functions are disturbed
ex: hypertension

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8
Q

structural diseases are caused by

A

a lesion that occurs in the body and causes a change in structure

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9
Q

are structural diseases genetic or debelopmental?

A

can be both

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10
Q

pathology

A

the study of structural and functional changes in the body as a result of disease

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11
Q

pathologist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and classifying diseases by studying the morphology of cells and tissues

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12
Q

clinician

A

health care professional that care for patients

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13
Q

pathogenesis

A

how does a disease develop?

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14
Q

pathogen

A

organism causing disease

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15
Q

manifestation

A

expression of, physical result of disease

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16
Q

symptoms

A

subjective, reported by the patient

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17
Q

examples of symptoms

A

sore throat, headache, nausea

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18
Q

signs

A

objective, can be measured

19
Q

examples of signs

A

fever, weight loss, disorientation

20
Q

lesion

A

characteristic structural changes in organs and tissues as a result of disease

21
Q

syndrome

A

collection of clinical signs and symptomes

22
Q

predisposing

A

risk factors, more likely

23
Q

examples of risk factors

A

genetics, age, environment, gender, lifestyle

24
Q

categories of disease

A

vascular, infectious, neoplastic, degenerative, idiopathic, congenital, allergic, traumatic, endocrine, metabolic

25
Q

vascular

A

high blood pressure, atheroscleorsis

26
Q

infectious (inflammatory)

A

covid-19

27
Q

neoplastic

A

plastic - ability to divide, neo-new

cancer

28
Q

degenerative

A

deficiency

osteoporosis, scurvy, anemia

29
Q

idiopathic

A

unknown casues

30
Q

congenital

A

born with it

31
Q

allergic/autoimmune

A

you know this

32
Q

traumatic

A

sprain ankles, brain injuiries, etc.

33
Q

endocrine

A

type I diabetes, thyroid diseases

34
Q

metabolic

A

obesity, type II diabetes

35
Q

exogenous causes

A

physical - trauma
chemical - drinking too much alcohol
microbiologic - infected with a virus

36
Q

endogenous causes

A

vascular
immunologic - autoimmune
metabolic - no longer respond to insluin

37
Q

iatrogenic disease

A

cause is unknown

38
Q

nosocomial disease

A

acquired from hospital environment, usually bacterial

39
Q

differential diagnosis

A

it could be one of a few things, narrowing it down to a few possible options which will help the clinician reach a diagnosis

40
Q

why is making a diagnosis important

A
  • improving the effectiveness of treatment
  • predicting course of disease and outcome such as complications
  • stop transmission in infectious diseases
41
Q

complication

A

abnormal state that develops in person with a disease

42
Q

prognosis

A

predicted course and outcome of disease

- chances for complete recovery, prediction of permanent loss of function, probability of survival

43
Q

obstacles to caring for a patient

A

financial barriers, patient beliefs, lack of education, making a change can be difficult for patients, quality of care, lack of access, clinicians ability to understand disease processes, nature of particular diseases, time lag, standards of practice are not universally adhered to, bias

44
Q

steps in the care of patients

A

1) clinician gathers facts
- history
- predisposing risk factors
- physical exam
- lab and diagnostic tests
2) interpret facts and make a diagnosis
- differential then diagnosis
- prognosis
3) treat the patient if feasible
4) follow up on results of treatment
- avoid complications

understanding human disease (25 decks)

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