chap 20 - disorders of the eye (start of final unit) Flashcards

Question

treatment

Answer 1

Procedures - Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (lasik) - Both types of disorders - Phakic intraocular lens implant - Nearsightedness - Myopia - Concave lens - Hyperopia - Convex, lens - Astigmatism - Glasses or hard contact lenses - Presbyopia - Reading glasses or bifocal lenses

Answer 2

Inflammation = can be bacterial, fungal, viral or related to allergy - Most commonly associated with bacteria and most often found in children - Contagious - Treated with antibiotics Also known as: pink eye

Answer 3

Infection (bacteria, viral, fungus, protozoa) Typically unilateral Can lead to vision loss from scarring Keratin gets into the cells of the cornea = could be from infection

Answer 4

(band keratopathy) Deposition of calcium salts within cornea Leads to pain, decreased acuity

Answer 5

Bilateral Genetic - which is why it affects both eyes Abnormal accumulation in cornea Clouding of cornea Could be treated with a cornea transplant - doesn't have to be a specific match because the immune system doesn't go into the anterior chamber of the eye

Answer 6

= opacity of lens - Age related degeneration - constant UV light coming into the eye over long periods of time - Leading cause of blindness in adults worldwide - Age associated - By 65, 90% adults will have some Symptoms - Pupil looks milky white Treatment - Surgery = swap out the old lens for a new lens

Answer 7

Optic nerve is damaged by abnormally increased intraocular pressure (IOP) - Irreversible Second most common cause of blindness in world Build up of aqueous humor - Intraocular pressure Signs and symptoms - Acute glaucoma: possible loss of vision within 1 day = emergency - Severe eye pain - Blurred vision - Eye redness - Light halos - Nausea - Vomiting - Risk factors - Age - Refractive disorders - Genetics Other diseases - Hypertension -Diabetes

Answer 8

Retinal peels away from underlying support tissue Medical emergency - Can lead to blindness Symptoms - Spots, floaters, flashes of light - Not painful Surgical treatment to reattach Etiology - Trauma to eye - Genetic disease - Marfan syndrome - disease of connective tissue, the CT is too weak to hold on to the retina - Extreme nearsightedness

Answer 9

Leading cause of vision loss in people over 60 Damage to macular - only one part but one of the most important parts - Does not lead to complete loss of vision Risk factors - Age-associated - Obesity - UV light exposure - why its important to wear sunglasses - Smoking - Family history - Ethnicity Treatment - No cure - try to prevent it from happening

Answer 10

Etiology - Damage to retina due to hypertension - high blood pressure causes pathology of the retina - Vessel narrowing - Microinfarcts = small areas of tissue death - Hemorrhages - exudates/edema = fluid leakage Leads to: - Dim vision - Vision loss - Double vision Can be reversible with treatment - bring blood pressure down

Answer 11

Retina sensitive to hyperglycemia - Diabetes 20x to go blind than non-diabetics - Damage to blood vessels in cornea Can lead to: - Microhemorrhages = small bleeding - Edema - Neovascularization = new blood vessels, we don't want a lot of blood vessels in the eye because they can interrupt light waves coming in Symptoms - spots/floaters in eyes - Blurred vision - Empty spot in vision Treatment - Blood glucose control - Surgery - Seal leaking vessels

Answer 12

glaucoma, retinal detachment, diabetic retinopathy

Answer 13

Color vision determined by cones - Three types (red, blue, and green cones) - Depends on relative output of these three types of cones X-linked recessive = more common in men, most receive from their mothers Types - Red-green color vision defects - most common - Defects in… - Either red cone output or green cone output - one or the other - Blue-yellow color vision defects - Trouble differentiating shades if blue and green - Complete absence of color vision - No working cones = only black and white

Answer 14

Children Rare malignant tumor of retinal cells - usually the cones Autosomal dominant inheritance - Rb1 gene Treatment = remove the eye = want to treat it early so it does not metastasize to the brain (which is super close by)

Answer 15

Adults Ocular melanoma Arise from melanocytes - just like in the skin - Choroid layer - Iris Worse prognosis than skin melanoma - because it metastasizes early

Answer 16

Defined as visual acuity 20/200 4/1000 people legally blind Causes - Lesions - Developmental - Trauma