Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

understanding human disease > chap 12 - oral region, upper respiratory tract, and ear disorders > Flashcards

chap 12 - oral region, upper respiratory tract, and ear disorders Flashcards

1
Q

oral cavity

A

includes teeth, tongue, and walls of the mouth
- part of the digestive, respiratory, and sensory systems and allows speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

salivary glands

A

lubrication and amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

nose

A

moisturizes and filters inhaled air and smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sinuses

A

connected system of hollow cavities in cranial bones
- lined of respiratory mucosa continuous with nose
- main function is to produce mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pharynx

A

passageway for air, provides musculature for swallowing
contains: opening of eustachian tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

larynx

A

major air passage to the lungs
- contains the vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

epiglottis

A

folds over the larynx during swallowing to prevent aspiration into the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ear

A

detects sounds and aids equilibrium
contains:
- vestibular apparatus
- ossicles
- bones in middle ear
- tympanic membrane
- cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

deglutition

A

act of swallowing - transport of bolus of food from mouth to stomach
- complex reflex – coordinated in the brain
- involuntary once started

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 phases of deglutition

A

oropharyngeal - pharynx and mouth
esophageal - esophagus
gastroesophageal - esophagus to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most frequent and serious problems

A

dental problems, upper respiratory infections, otitis media, allergies, and cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dental caries

A

cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dental conditions detected through

A

visual and periodic radiologic examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ear

A

examined with otoscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

enlarged lymph nodes and salivary nodules

A

detected through palpation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

radiographic techniques

A

x-rays in dental offices
CT scans for assessing sinus inflammation and tracing the extent of tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cleft lip and cleft palate

A

genetic/developmental disease
- lip and cleft palate do not form correctly
- affects 1 in 750 births
- multifactorial
- genetics = chromosomal abnormalities
- environment = viral, smoking
- problems are: cosmetic, dental, speech, swallowing, hearing and facial growth
prenatal diagnosis with ultrasound at 12 weeks
- surgical repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

disorders of the oral cavity

A

dental caries, plaque, tartar, gingivitis, periodontitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

plaque

A

bacterial accumulation

20
Q

tartar

A

calcified plaque

21
Q

periodontitis

A

inflammation of the periodontia

22
Q

cold sores

A

due to herpes simplex virus (HSV 1)
- blister like lesions on face or inside of the mouth - painful
- very contagious
- can lie dormant in nervous tissue
- reactivation
- usually occurs under stress

23
Q

canker sores

A

aphthous stomatitis
- painful open sore inside mouth
- gradually heal in 7 to 10 days
- cause?
- not contagious

24
Q

upper respiratory infection

A

most commonly caused by viruses
contagious - spread by coughing and sneezing

25
upper respiratory infection clinical presentation
- sore throat (pharyngitis) - nasal discharge (rhinitis) - headache - fever - fatigue - other symptoms may also be present usually self-limiting
26
upper respiratory infections in children and older adults
may have serious complications - predisposes children to otitis media - enlarged tonsils may partially obstruct breathing - can lead to pneumonia in older adults
27
sinusitis
inflammation of the respiratory mucosa lining sinus cavities - can become blocked and filled with fluid and mucous - reservoir for bacteria and fungi can be acute or chronic
28
symptoms of sinusitis
nasal congestion, headaches, facial pain, thick and discolored mucoid nasal discharge, postnasal drainage
29
acute sinutis
lasts less than 1 month and is self-limiting
30
chronic sinutis
persists or is recurrent - often difficult to treat - antibiotics/antifungals cannot always clear the infection - steroid therapy may reduce inflammation - surgery can sometimes be helpful
31
allergic rhinitis
allergic response to environmental antigens - numerous known triggers: various pollens, grass, dusts, animal symptoms similar to common cold - runny nose, scratchy throat and itchy eyes neither serious nor fatal but can cause significant discomfort and morbidity treatment: - antihistamine - decongestants - eye drops - desensitization therapy
32
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear - most common in infants and young children with URIs - accumulated fluid in the middle ear provides a fertile culture medium for bacteria causes severe pain - commonly accompanied by irritability and fever
33
hearing loss
variety of causes - genetic - infectious - degenerative - traumatic - often iatrogenic (side effect of medical treatment) generally classified as either sensorineural or conductive
34
sensorinueral
damaged cochlea and/or auditory nerve
35
conductive
damaged ear canal
36
presbycusis
hearing loss occurring with increasing age - commonly begins in high frequencies - usually symmetrical - associated with tinnitus - generally attributed to nonspecific degeneration of hearing apparatus
37
presbycusis treated by
hearing aids or cochlear implants
38
hearing aids
work by amplifying sound waves often avoided because they - can be uncomfortable and unsightly - rapidly fill with cerumen - require costly batteries many patients complain that they do not make speech any cleaner to recognize
39
carcinoma of the oral cavity
squamous cell carcinoma - arises from the epithelium - lips, cheek, tongue, palate, back of throat most common primary neoplasm of the head and neck region
40
carcinomas of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx are associated with
significant morbidity and mortality - excision leaves loss of function - deeper in the throat, it can cause hoarsness, pain, or difficulty swallowing - on the palate, it causes obstruction of the nasopharyngeal passages
41
how may carcinoma of the oral cavity be detected
luekoplakia on the tongue
42
loss of ability to masticate comes with
loss of teeth, extensive cancer operations, severe congenital abnormaitiles
43
disorders of oral region, URT, and ear complications
- maintaining caloric intake may become difficult, impaired deglutition, sleep apnea
44
impaired deglutition may result from
neuromuscular diseases, cerebrovascular accident, extensive cancer, age
45
impaired deglutition can increase the risk for
aspiration pneumonia
46
obstructive sleep apnea
patient repeatedly stops breathing during sleep - caused by collapse of pharyngeal passages when the patient is relaxed and supine

understanding human disease (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions