Chap6 Cell Division

Question 1

What are the two stages of cell division?

Answer 1

Interphase

Mitotic stage

Question 2

What happens at G1 of interphase?

Answer 2

Cell growth

Checking for DNA damage and correct size of cell

Question 3

What happens at G2 of interphase?

Answer 3

Cell growth

Chromosomes checked for replication and no faulty DNA

Question 4

What happens at checkpoint M in interphase?

Answer 4

Sister chromatids checked for attachment to spindle

Question 5

What happens at stage S in interphase?

Answer 5

DNA synthesis

Question 6

INTERPHASE of mitosis

Answer 6

DNA replicated my semi-conservative replication

Question 7

METAPHASE of mitosis

Answer 7

Chromosomes line up along middle of cell

Attached by centromere

Question 8

ANAPHASE of mitosis

Answer 8

Chromosomes break into two chromatids

Chromatids separate and spindles contract to pull them to each pole of cell

Question 9

TELOPHASE of mitosis

Answer 9

Chromatids unravel into chromosomes again

Nuclear envelope forms around chromosomes making two nuclei

Cytoplasm splits forming two daughter cells

Question 10

Cytokinesis

Answer 10

The division of the cytoplasm bringing about two daughter cells

Question 11

Centromere

Answer 11

The centre region of chromosome to which spindle attach

Question 12

Chromatid

Answer 12

Chromosome divides into this during cell division

Each contain double helix of DNA

Question 13

Centriole

Answer 13

Involved in developing spindle fibres in cell division

Question 14

Plasmid

Answer 14

Circular double stranded DNA molecule

Question 15

INTERPHASE of meiosis

Answer 15

Chromosomes replicate to form chromatids

Question 16

PROPHASE 1 of meiosis

Answer 16

Chromatids condense to form sister chromatid

Question 17

METAPHASE 1 of meiosis

Answer 17

Chromosomes in diploid organisms found in HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS (identical genes different alleles)

Chromosomes moved by spindle fibres

Question 18

ANAPHASE 1 of meiosis

Answer 18

Homologous chromosomes pulled to opposite ends of cell by spindle fibres

Question 19

TELOPHASE 1 of meiosis

Answer 19

Random combinations of chromosomes pulled to each side of cell

Question 20

Cytokinesis of meiosis 1

Answer 20

One chromosome from pair separated into each cell

2 Genetically different cells produced

Question 21

PROPHASE 2 of meiosis

Answer 21

Chromatids condense again

Spindles form

Question 22

METAPHASE 2

Answer 22

Chromosomes line up in centre of cell

Not in pairs

Question 23

ANAPHASE 2

Answer 23

Sister chromatids pulled by spindle fibres to opposite ends of cell

Question 24

TELOPHASE 2 + cytokinesis of meiosis

Answer 24

Sister chromatids separated and cell divides into two

4 Genetically different cells produced

Question 25

How is genetic variation brought about during meiosis?

Answer 25

Independent segregation of homologous chromosomes crossing over

Formation of chiasmata

Question 26

How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?

Answer 26

Mutations can occur during meiosis

Meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid cells

Random assortment of homologous chromosomes

Exchanging segments of DNA