Chap10 Classification And Evolution Flashcards
Hierarchy
Small groups within larger groups
Linnaeus came up with this classification
List the 5 kingdoms
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Bacteria
Protoctista
List the 7 taxonomic groups
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
List the 3 domains
Prokaryota
Eukaryota
Archaea
Woese came up with this classification system
Species
Group of organisms capable of reproducing to produce fertile offspring
Describe features of prokaryotae
Give example
Unicellular
No membrane bound organelles
Contain circular DNA
Eg) E.coli
Describe features of protoctista
Give example
Unicellular
Contains a nucleus
Flagella/cilia for movement
Eg) Euglena
Describe features of fungi
Give example
Contains a nucleus
Saprophytic feeders
Cell wall made of chitin
Eg) Athletes foot
Describe features of plantae
Give example
Multicellular
Cell wall made of cellulose
Autotrophic
Eg) Digitalis
Describe features of animalia
Give example
Muscle fibres contract allowing movement
Heterotrophic
Food stored as glycogen
Eg) Homosapiens
What causes changes in polypeptide sequence?
Random mutations in DNA and so creates change in amino acid sequence
What does more similarity in amino acids mean?
More recent common ancestor
Binomial nomenclature
Discussing same organism all over the world
In the 6 kingdom model what is prokaryotae spilt into?
Eubacteria and archae-bacteria
Under what circumstances does archae-bacteria survive?
Anaerobic conditions and acidic environment
What does eubacteria contain that archae-bacteria doesn’t?
Peptidoglycan
What is the evidence for phylogeny?
Fossils, bones and biochemistry
Divergent evolution
New species evolve with different adapted features from the same common ancestor
Why do closely related species diversify?
To adapt to new habitat as a result of migration or loss of old habitat
Discrete variation
Characteristics showing discontinuous variation
Interspecific variation
Variation between different members of species
Intraspecific variation
Variation between members of the same species
What is continuous variation influenced by?
Polygenes and environmental factors
List causes of genetic variation
Alleles
Mutation
Sexual reproduction
Meiosis- independent assortment or crossing over
Chance
Convergent evolution
(unrelated species share traits)
Similar adaptations of organisms of similar environment
Because evolved from common ancestor
Selection pressure
Factors effecting organisms successful reproduction and chance of survival
Describe evolution by natural selection
Pre existing genetic variation
Best adapted to selection pressure reproduce
Advantageous allele passed on
Allele frequency increases gene pool
New species arises over generations
