Chap10 Classification And Evolution

Question 1

Hierarchy

Answer 1

Small groups within larger groups
Linnaeus came up with this classification

Question 2

List the 5 kingdoms

Answer 2

Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Bacteria
Protoctista

Question 3

List the 7 taxonomic groups

Answer 3

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 4

List the 3 domains

Answer 4

Prokaryota
Eukaryota
Archaea
Woese came up with this classification system

Question 5

Species

Answer 5

Group of organisms capable of reproducing to produce fertile offspring

Question 6

Describe features of prokaryotae
Give example

Answer 6

Unicellular
No membrane bound organelles
Contain circular DNA
Eg) E.coli

Question 7

Describe features of protoctista
Give example

Answer 7

Unicellular
Contains a nucleus
Flagella/cilia for movement
Eg) Euglena

Question 8

Describe features of fungi
Give example

Answer 8

Contains a nucleus
Saprophytic feeders
Cell wall made of chitin
Eg) Athletes foot

Question 9

Describe features of plantae
Give example

Answer 9

Multicellular
Cell wall made of cellulose
Autotrophic
Eg) Digitalis

Question 10

Describe features of animalia
Give example

Answer 10

Muscle fibres contract allowing movement
Heterotrophic
Food stored as glycogen
Eg) Homosapiens

Question 11

What causes changes in polypeptide sequence?

Answer 11

Random mutations in DNA and so creates change in amino acid sequence

Question 12

What does more similarity in amino acids mean?

Answer 12

More recent common ancestor

Question 13

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 13

Discussing same organism all over the world

Question 14

In the 6 kingdom model what is prokaryotae spilt into?

Answer 14

Eubacteria and archae-bacteria

Question 15

Under what circumstances does archae-bacteria survive?

Answer 15

Anaerobic conditions and acidic environment

Question 16

What does eubacteria contain that archae-bacteria doesn’t?

Answer 16

Peptidoglycan

Question 17

What is the evidence for phylogeny?

Answer 17

Fossils, bones and biochemistry

Question 18

Divergent evolution

Answer 18

New species evolve with different adapted features from the same common ancestor

Question 19

Why do closely related species diversify?

Answer 19

To adapt to new habitat as a result of migration or loss of old habitat

Question 20

Discrete variation

Answer 20

Characteristics showing discontinuous variation

Question 21

Interspecific variation

Answer 21

Variation between different members of species

Question 22

Intraspecific variation

Answer 22

Variation between members of the same species

Question 23

What is continuous variation influenced by?

Answer 23

Polygenes and environmental factors

Question 24

List causes of genetic variation

Answer 24

Alleles
Mutation
Sexual reproduction
Meiosis- independent assortment or crossing over
Chance

Question 25

Convergent evolution

Answer 25

(unrelated species share traits)
Similar adaptations of organisms of similar environment
Because evolved from common ancestor

Question 26

Selection pressure

Answer 26

Factors effecting organisms successful reproduction and chance of survival

Question 27

Describe evolution by natural selection

Answer 27

Pre existing genetic variation
Best adapted to selection pressure reproduce
Advantageous allele passed on
Allele frequency increases gene pool
New species arises over generations