Chap12 Communicable Diseases

Question 1

What is a bacteriophage

Answer 1

Virus that attacks bacteria

Question 2

What pathogen exists in colonies and not only single cellar organisms?

Answer 2

Protoctista

Question 3

What pathogen causes ring rot?

Answer 3

Bacteria

Question 4

What pathogen causes black Sigatoka

What crop does it affect?

Answer 4

Virus

Bananas

Question 5

What pathogen causes tuberculosis?

Answer 5

Bacteria

Lungs

Antibiotics

Question 6

What cells does HIV attack?

Answer 6

T helper cells

Question 7

Clonal selection

Answer 7

Binding of antigens to B cells and production of plasma cells

Question 8

What do B cells contain on cell surface membrane?

Answer 8

Antibodies

Question 9

What do T helper cells activate?

Answer 9

B cells
Phagocytes
T cytotoxic cells

Question 10

Interleukins

Answer 10

Type of cytokine released by T helper cells to regulate activity of immune cells

Question 11

Clonal expansion

Answer 11

Rapid production of many immune cells

Question 12

Plasma cells

Answer 12

Identical B cells
Produce monoclonal antibodies bind to antigen of pathogen

Question 13

Agglutination

Answer 13

Clumping of pathogens together and them being destroyed by phagocytosis

Question 14

What forms when antigen binds to antibody?

Answer 14

Antigen-antibody-complex

Question 15

What enzyme breaks down pathogen in phagocytosis?

Answer 15

Proteolytic enzyme

Question 16

Which structure of antibody binds specifically to antigens?

Answer 16

Variable regions

Question 17

What connects variable region to constant region?

Answer 17

Hinge proteins

Question 18

What connects heavy chains to light chains in antibody?

Answer 18

Disulphide bridges

Question 19

Who discovered penicillin?

Answer 19

Alexander Fleming

Question 20

Why do antibiotics NOT affect viruses?

Answer 20

Virus are not living cells
Stay inside host cells

Question 21

What is MRSA?

Answer 21

Superbug because it is resistant to many antibiotics

Question 22

Plant defences against pathogens

Answer 22

Stomata- close to prevent entry of pathogens
Callose- strengthens cell wall
Oxidative burst- strengthens cell wall linkages

Question 23

Apoptosis

Answer 23

Cell suicide

Question 24

Lymphocyte

Answer 24

Wbc that identifies non self cells

Question 25

What do mast cells release?

Answer 25

Histamines and cytokines

Question 26

MHC

Answer 26

Major histocompatibility complex
Found in macrophage
Glycoprotein

Question 27

Macrophage

Answer 27

Round nuclei phagocyte

Question 28

Neutrophil

Answer 28

Lobed nuclei phagocyte

Question 29

Cytokines

Answer 29

Cell signalling molecules for other phagocytes

Question 30

Opsonins

Answer 30

Phagocyte receptors bind here for pathogen to be easily recognised and then engulfed