Chap2 Basic Components Of Living Things

Question 1

Vesicle function

Answer 1

Transports material inside the cell

Question 2

Centriole function

Answer 2

Helps nuclear division in mitosis and meiosis

Question 3

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 3

Produces and transports lipids and carbohydrates

Question 4

Rough endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 4

Synthesises and transports proteins

Question 5

Cytoskeleton function

Answer 5

Controls cell movement.
(microfilaments) cell contraction.
(intermediate fibres) give mechanical strength

Question 6

Golgi apparatus function

Answer 6

modify proteins and packages them into vesicles or lysosomes

Question 7

Nucleolus function

Answer 7

Produces ribosomes

Question 8

Nucleus function

Answer 8

Controls transcription.

Codes for cells genetic information

Nuclear pores export RNA molecules for protein synthesis and protect nucleus from damage.

Question 9

ribosomes function

Answer 9

Translates genetic code
MRNA -> protein

Synthesises proteins

Question 10

Mitochondria function

Answer 10

Produce energy through cellular respiration

Question 11

Cell (plasma) membrane function

Answer 11

Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell

Separates interior cell from external environment

Question 12

Chloroplast function

Answer 12

Site of photosynthesis and food production

Question 13

Vacuoles function

Answer 13

Maintain water balance in plant cell

Question 14

Flagella and cilia function

Answer 14

Enables cell mobility and detects chemical changes in cells environment.
Mobile cilia cause movement

Question 15

Lysosomes function

Answer 15

Contains enzyme that breaks down waste material in cell

Question 16

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum structure

Answer 16

Connected to outer membrane of nucleus.
No ribosomes.
Network of membranes.

Question 17

Vesicles structure

Answer 17

Membranous sacs containing fluid

Question 18

Lysosomes structure

Answer 18

Specialised vesicle containing hydrolytic enzyme

Question 19

Centrioles structure

Answer 19

Modified component of cytoskeleton made of microtubules

Question 20

Cytoskeleton structure

Answer 20

Network of fibres.
(microfilaments) contractile fibres formed of protein actin

Question 21

Flagellum and cilia structure

Answer 21

each cilium contains two central microtubules

Question 22

Nucleus structure

Answer 22

Contains chromosomes and surrounded by nuclear envelope.
Biggest organelle of cell.
Double membrane contains DNA

Question 23

nucleolus structure

Answer 23

Composed of proteins and RNA

Question 24

Mitochondria structure

Answer 24

Double membrane filled with matrix

Question 25

Rough endoplasmic reticulum structure

Answer 25

Contains ribosomes

Question 26

Golgi apparatus structure

Answer 26

No ribosomes.
Formed of cisternae

Question 27

Ribosomes structure

Answer 27

Made of RNA.
Floats free in cytoplasm.
Not surrounded by membrane

Question 28

Vacuoles structure

Answer 28

Membrane bound and filled with fluid

Question 29

Chloroplast structure

Answer 29

Double envelope membrane.
Thylakoids exist inside chloroplast

Question 30

Plasma membrane structure

Answer 30

cell wall attached to surface.
Lipid bilayer and semi permeable

Question 31

Light microscope

Answer 31

Visible light passes through lens system
Specimen can be alive
Specimen stain to make components of cell visible

Question 32

Transmission electron microscope

Answer 32

Penetrates cell
High magnification and resolution
Electromagnets to focus electron beam

Question 33

Scanning electron microscope

Answer 33

Beam of electrons back and forth across cell surface
3D images
Low resolution