Chap21 Manipulating Genomes

Question 1

Introns

Answer 1

Non coding regions of DNA

Question 2

Exons

Answer 2

Codes for amino acid sequences

Question 3

Satellite DNA

Answer 3

Short sequences that repeat
Variable number tandem

Question 4

PCR

Answer 4

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 5

Restriction enzyme in digestion step of DNA profiling

Answer 5

Restriction endonuclease

Question 6

Current passed through in separation step of DNA profiling

Answer 6

Gel electrophoresis

Question 7

Southern blotting

Answer 7

Fragments transferred to nylon membrane

Alkaline buffer separates DNA strand into single strands

Question 8

DNA probes

Answer 8

Short sequence like a primer but with molecular beacon

Question 9

Three steps of PCR

Answer 9

Denature DNA- separate strands
Annealing DNA- primers added
Synthesis of DNA - dna polymerase molecules attach to primers to create complementary dna

Question 10

DNA profiling steps

Answer 10

Extraction of DNA
Digestion
Separation
Visualisation

Question 11

Enzyme that attaches nucleotides

Answer 11

DNA polymerase

Question 12

Enzyme that unzips DNA strands

Answer 12

DNA helicase

Question 13

DNA probe

Answer 13

Single stranded section of dna
Fluorescent or radioactive
Complementary bases to dna sequence

Question 14

Bioinformatics

Answer 14

Tools that analyse raw biological data like statistics

Question 15

Computational biology

Answer 15

Uses data to build theoretical models

Question 16

Protomics

Answer 16

Study of amino acid sequences of an organisms entire protein complement

Question 17

Genomics

Answer 17

Predict sequence of proteins produced

Question 18

Synthetic biology

Answer 18

Redesigned natural biological systems

Question 19

Sanger sequencing steps

Answer 19

radioactive primer added to sample of DNA
Special terminator nucleotide added to sample
PCR
Gel electrophoresis to separate DNA

Question 20

Genetic engineering

Answer 20

Isolation- remove gene
Insertion- DNA in vector
Transformation- DNA into cell
Identification- Check if it’s in cell

Question 21

Isolation

Answer 21

Reverse transcriptase or cutting gene out of genome with RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE- sticky ends and PCR

Question 22

Insertion

Answer 22

Cut vector with enzyme
Sticky ends are complementary to gene
DNA LIGASE joins this together making recombinant dna

Question 23

Transformation

Answer 23

Electroporation or electrofusion

Question 24

Identification

Answer 24

Check it is in the cells

Question 25

Growth

Answer 25

Allows cell to grow

Question 26

Gene therapy

Answer 26

Replacing ‘faulty’ gene with functioning ones

Question 27

Somatic cells

Answer 27

Body cells

Question 28

Germ line

Answer 28

Zygote is genetically passed on

Question 29

Bacteria that infects plants and causes tumour

Answer 29

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Question 30

What does DNA ligase form?

Answer 30

Phosphodiester bonds between two DNA strands

Question 31

Recombinant gene

Answer 31

Plasmid combining with host cells dna