Chap19 Genetics Of Living Systems

Question 1

Homologous

Answer 1

Not the same but similar

Question 2

Mutation

Answer 2

Unpredictable change in structure of DNA

Question 3

Point mutation

Answer 3

Only one nucleotide within a gene affected

Question 4

Mutagens

Answer 4

Increase the chance of mutation
Physically, chemically or biologically

Question 5

Gene expression

Answer 5

genetic code of a gene is used to direct protein synthesis

Question 6

Transcriptional control of gene expression

Answer 6

Chromatin remodelling
Histone modification
Operon

Question 7

Chromatin remodelling

Answer 7

Protein synthesis changes chromatids in the nucleus of a cell

Question 8

Histone modification

Answer 8

DNA modified by this type of protein called histone

Question 9

Operon

Answer 9

Set of genes expressed at the same time that are transcribed under CAP
(catabolise activator protein)

Question 10

Eg) LAC operon

Answer 10

Off with low glucose levels
Off with no lactose present

Question 11

Structural gene

Answer 11

Codes for protein that has a function in the cell

Question 12

Regulatory gene

Answer 12

Codes for proteins that control structural genes

Question 13

Promoter

Answer 13

A DNA sequence that allows transcription of structural genes
The binding site for RNA polymerase

Question 14

Operator

Answer 14

DNA sequence that sits between promoter and first structural gene

Question 15

Transcription factor

Answer 15

Protein that controls the transcription of one or more structural genes

Question 16

Activator protein

Answer 16

Binds to promoter allowing transcription

Question 17

Repressor protein

Answer 17

Transcription factor that binds to operator inhibiting transcription

Why? RNA polymerase cannot bind to promoter

Question 18

What does the homeobox gene code for?

Answer 18

Homeodomain (dna binding site of transcription factors)

Question 19

Hox genes

Answer 19

Only found in animal
Type of homeobox gene

Question 20

Two primary tissue layers

Answer 20

Diploblastic

Question 21

Three primary tissue layers

Answer 21

Triploblastic

Question 22

Apoptosis

Answer 22

Programmed cell death to alter body plan