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ANP 100 > Chap 9: Senses > Flashcards

Chap 9: Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Anything that causes a response in a tissue.

A

STIMULUS

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2
Q

Conscious awareness of a stimulus

A

SENSATION

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2
Q

The perception that a sensation originates from the part of the
body stimulated

A

PROJECTION

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3
Q

Includes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, vibration, itch, and proprioception

A

GENERAL SENSES

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3
Q

Includes smell, taste, sight, hearing, and balance.

A

SPECIAL SENSES

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3
Q

Respond to pain, temperature, and itch

A

FREE NERVE ENDINGS

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4
Q

Detect light touch and superficial pressure; located in the
epidermis; a capsule surrounding a nerve ending

A

MERKEL’S DISKS

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5
Q

Respond to fine, discriminative touch; located just deep to the
epidermis

A

MEISSNER’S CORPUSCLES

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6
Q

Monitor continuous touch or pressure in the skin

A

Ruffini’s end-organs

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7
Q

Detect deep pressure, vibration, and position (proprioception);
located in tendons and joints.

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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8
Q

Specialized cells in the epithelium of the nasal cavity; airborne
molecules bind to receptors on these cells, producing action
potentials

A

Olfactory neurons

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9
Q

Formed by axons from the olfactory neurons; pass through the
cribriform plate

A

Olfactory nerve

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10
Q

Formed by axons from the olfactory neurons; pass through the
cribriform plate.

A

Olfactory nerve

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11
Q

Receives the olfactory nerves.

A

Olfactory bulb

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12
Q

Relays action potentials from the olfactory bulb to the brain

A

Olfactory tract

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13
Q

Taste buds located on this part of the tongue respond most
strongly to bitter tastes.

A

Back of tongue

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13
Q

Olfactory cortex

A

Area of the frontal and temporal lobes that receives the
olfactory tract.

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13
Q

Sensory structure that detects taste stimuli

A

Taste bud

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14
Q

Enlargements on the surface of the tongue; contain taste buds

A

Papillae

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14
Q

Makeup a taste bud; each has taste hairs that extend through ataste pore.

A

Taste cell

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15
Q

Taste sensations from the anterior two thirds of the tongue are
conducted by this nerve

A

Facial nerve

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16
Q

Taste buds located on this part of the tongue respond most
strongly to sweet and salty tastes

A

Tip of tongue

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17
Q

Taste buds located on this part of the tongue respond most
strongly to sour tastes

A

Side of tongue

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18
Q

Prevent perspiration from running down the forehead into the
eye.

A

Eyebrows

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18
Q

Produces tear

A

Lacrimal gland

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19
Q

Protect the eye from foreign objects and lubricate the eye by
spreading tear

A

Eyelids

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20
Q

Thin, transparent membrane that covers the anterior surface of
the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids.

A

Conjunctiva

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21
Q

Collect excess tears from the medial corner of the eye

A

Lacrimal canaliculi

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22
Q

Empties excess tears into the nasal cavity

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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23
Q

Outer layer of the eye, consisting of the sclera and cornea

A

Fibrous tunic

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23
Q

Move the eyeball

A

Extrinsic eye muscles

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24
Q

Middle layer of the eye, consisting of choroid, ciliary body, and
iris

A

Vascular tunic

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25
Q

Firm, opaque, white, outer posterior five sixths of the eye;
maintains the shape of the eye and provides an attachment site
for the extrinsic eye muscles

A

Sclera

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25
Q

Contains ciliary muscles (smooth muscles) that attach by
suspensory ligaments to the lens.

A

Ciliary body

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25
Q

Inner layer of the eye, consisting of the retina

A

Nervous tunic

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26
Q

Avascular, transparent, anterior one sixth of the eye; allows
light to enter the eye and also refracts light.

A

Cornea

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27
Q

Vascular tunic associated with the scleral portion of the eye;
prevents light reflection.

A

Choroid

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28
Q

Flexible, biconvex, transparent disc

A

Lens

28
Q

Contains smooth muscle that regulates the amount of light
entering the eye

A

Iris

29
Q

The opening in the iris through which light passes

A

Pupil

30
Q

Photopigment in rods that breaks down when struck by light;
vitamin A is necessary for its manufacture; lack of vitamin A
results in night blindness

A

Rhodopsin

30
Q

Outer part of the retina; its black color prevents light reflection

A

Pigmented retina

31
Q

Inner part of the retina containing rods and cones

A

Sensory retina

32
Q

Photoreceptor cells that are very sensitive to light and function
in dim light.

A

Cones

32
Q

Photoreceptor cells responsible for color vision

A

Rods

33
Q

Small yellow spot near the center of the posterior retina

A

Macula lutea

33
Q

Small pit with the highest concentration of cones and the
greatest ability to most clearly detect images; located in the
macula lutea.

A

Fovea centralis

33
Q

Blind spot of the eye; place where blood vessels and the optic
nerve pass through the wall of the eye.

A

Optic disc

33
Q

Fills the anterior compartment of the eye; maintains pressure,
refracts light, and provides nutrients to the inner eye surface.

A

Aqueous humor

33
Q

Fills the posterior compartment of the eye; helps to maintain
pressure within the eye and holds the lens and retina in place

A

Vitreous humor

33
Q

Bending of light rays as they pass from air into some other,
more dense substance.

A

Refraction

34
Q

Type of lens that causes light rays to diverge

A

Concave lens

35
Q

Type of lens that causes light rays to converge

A

Convex lens

36
Q

Where converging light rays cross

A

Focal point

36
Q

Act of causing light rays to converge to form an image.

A

Focusing

37
Q

Bending of light rays as they pass from air into some other,
more dense substance

A
37
Q

Part of the eye that produces the greatest amount of
convergence of light.

A

Cornea

37
Q

Part of the eye that accomplishes fine adjustments in focusing
by changing shape

A

Lens

37
Q

Process of allowing the lens to assume a more spherical
(convex) shape; enables the eye to focus objects that are closer
than 20 feet

A

Accommodation

37
Q

Condition of the ciliary muscles during accommodation

A

Contracted

38
Q

Condition of the ciliary muscles for distant vision (greater than
20 feet).

A

Relaxed

39
Q

Leaves the eye and passes through the optic foramen

A

Optic nerve

40
Q

Image seen by each eye

A

Visual field

40
Q

Point where some of the axons in the optic nerves cross to
opposite sides of the brain

A

Optic chiasma

41
Q

Part of the occipital lobes of the brain responsible for vision

A

Visual cortex

41
Q

Axons between the optic chiasma and the thalamus

A

Optic tract

42
Q

Axons extending from the thalamus to the visual cortex

A

Optic radiations

42
Q

Passageway that leads to the tympanic membrane

A

External auditory meatus

43
Q

Fleshy part of the external ear on the outside of the head.

A

Auricle

44
Q

Modified sebum, commonly called earwax, that helps to
prevent foreign objects from reaching the tympanic membrane

A

Cerumen

45
Q

Membrane-covered opening between the middle and inner ear

A

Round window

45
Q

Thin membrane that separates the external and middle ear;
vibrates in response to sound waves; also called the eardrum

A

Tympanic membrane

46
Q

Opening between the middle and inner ear; contains the stapes.

A

Oval window

47
Q

Ear bones that transmit and amplify vibrations of the tympanic
membrane to the oval window; the malleus, incus and stapes

A

Auditory ossicles

48
Q

Spaces in the temporal bone that are connected to the middle
ear

A

Mastoid air cells

49
Q

Structure that enables air pressure to be equalized between the
outside air and the middle ear; the eustachian tube

A

Auditory tube

50
Q

interconnecting tunnels and chambers within the temporal
bone.

A

Osseous labyrinth

51
Q

Membranes that are found within the osseous labyrinth

A

Membranous labyrinth

52
Q

Fluid within the membranous labyrinth

A

Endolymph

53
Q

Perilymph

A

Fluid between the osseous and membranous labyrinth

54
Q

Part of the inner ear involved with hearing

A

Cochlea

55
Q

Two parts of the inner ear involved with balance

A
  • Vestibule
  • Semicircular
56
Q

Membrane separating the scala vestibuli and the cochlear duct

A

Vestibular membrane

57
Q

Membrane separating the scala tympani and the cochlear duct

A

Tectorial membrane

58
Q

The space that connects to the oval window

A

Scala vestibuli

59
Q

The space that connects to the round window

A

Scala tympani

60
Q

The space that contains the spiral organ

A

Cochlear duct

61
Q

The spiral organ rests on the basilar membrane and its hair cells
extend to this membrane

A

Tectorial membrane

62
Q

Type of equilibrium associated with the semicircular canals and
involves evaluating the change in rate of head movements

A

Kinetic equilibrium

62
Q

Type of equilibrium associated with the vestibule and involves
evaluating the position of the head relative to gravit

A

Static equilibrium

63
Q

The two chambers of the vestibule

A
  • Utricle
  • Saccule
63
Q

Specialized epithelium of the vestibule; consists of hair cells
embedded in a gelatinous mass that contains otoliths

A

Macula

63
Q

Specialized epithelium found in the ampulla; consists of hair
cells embedded in a gelatinous mass called the cupula

A

Crista ampullaris

ANP 100 (17 decks)

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