chap 4 pt 2

Question 1

internal locus of control

Answer 1

the perception that we control our own fate

Question 2

external locus of control

Answer 2

the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

Question 3

modeling

Answer 3

the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Question 4

biofeedback

Answer 4

a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension

Question 5

instinctual drift

Answer 5

the tendency of learned behavior to gradually revert to biologically predisposed patterns

Question 6

learned helplessness

Answer 6

the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or person learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Question 7

law of effect

Answer 7

Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Question 8

continuous reinforcement schedule

Answer 8

reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs

Question 9

partial reinforcement schedule

Answer 9

reinforcing a response only part of the time, results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement

Question 10

shaping

Answer 10

an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

Question 11

intrinsic motivation

Answer 11

a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

Question 12

extrinsic motivation

Answer 12

a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment

Question 13

insight

Answer 13

a sudden realization of a probelm’s solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions

Question 14

cognitive map

Answer 14

a mental representation fo the layout of one’s environment