ch 7 pt 2

Question 1

psychoanalysis

Answer 1

(1) Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. (2) Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique used in treating psychological disorders. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences—and the therapist’s interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

Question 2

free association

Answer 2

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

Question 3

Id

Answer 3

a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification

Question 4

Ego

Answer 4

the largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. This operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

Question 5

superego

Answer 5

the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations.

Question 6

collective unconscious

Answer 6

Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history.

Question 7

thematic apperception test

Answer 7

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Question 8

rorschach inkblot test

Answer 8

the most widely used projective test; a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

Question 9

self-actualization

Answer 9

according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential

Question 10

self-efficacy

Answer 10

one’s sense of competence and effectiveness

Question 11

self-esteem

Answer 11

one’s feelings of high or low self-worth

Question 12

self-serving bias

Answer 12

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Question 13

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Answer 13

the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes

Question 14

Spotlight effect

Answer 14

overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us)

Question 15

trait

Answer 15

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports

Question 16

Sigmund Freud

Answer 16

founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory of mind and human agency derived from it. ( a sexual predator towards kids)

Question 17

Alfred Adler

Answer 17

inferiority complex His emphasis on the importance of feelings of belonging, family constellation, and birth order

Question 18

Carl Jung

Answer 18

collective unconscious, archetypes,

Question 19

Carl Rogers

Answer 19

among the founders of the humanistic approach in psychology

Question 20

Abraham Maslow

Answer 20

created a hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization.