ch2 pt2

Question 1

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 1

the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy

Question 2

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

Question 3

pituitary glands

Answer 3

the endocrine system’s most influential gland. under the influence of the hypothalamus, it regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

Question 4

EEG

Answer 4

an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain’s surface. these waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

Question 5

PET

Answer 5

a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

Question 6

MRI

Answer 6

a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. shows brain anatomy

Question 7

medulla

Answer 7

the base of the brainstem, controls heartbeat and breathing

Question 8

thalamus

Answer 8

the brain’s sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

Question 9

reticular formation

Answer 9

a nerve network that travels through the brainstem into the thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal

Question 10

cerebellum

Answer 10

the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory

Question 11

amygdala

Answer 11

two lima-bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion

Question 12

hypothalamus

Answer 12

a neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temp), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward

Question 13

hippocampus

Answer 13

a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process for storage explicit (conscious) memories of facts and events

Question 14

parietal lobe

Answer 14

the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position

Question 15

occipital lobe

Answer 15

the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields

Question 16

frontal lobe

Answer 16

the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking, muscle movements, making movements, and in making plans and judgments

Question 17

temporal lobe

Answer 17

the portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear

Question 18

corpus callosum

Answer 18

the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

Question 19

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 19

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language

Question 20

dual processing

Answer 20

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks