ch 5 pt 2

Question 1

Benjamin Lee Whorf

Answer 1

advocate for the idea that differences between the structures of different languages shape how their speakers perceive and conceptualize the world

Question 2

Noam Chomsky

Answer 2

Sometimes called “the father of modern linguistics”, Chomsky is also a major figure in analytic philosophy

Question 3

Robert Sternberg

Answer 3

describes types of love based on three different scales: intimacy, passion, and commitment. It is important to recognize that a relationship based on a single element is less likely to survive than one based on two or more

Question 4

Howard Gardner

Answer 4

theory of multiple intelligences proposes that people are not born with all of the intelligence they will ever have

Question 5

Carol Dweck

Answer 5

Dweck is known for her work on motivation and mindset

Question 6

Mental set

Answer 6

a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past

Question 7

Heuristic

Answer 7

a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than an algorithm

Question 8

prototype

Answer 8

a mental image or best example of a category

Question 9

confirmation bias

Answer 9

a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Question 10

Phoneme

Answer 10

in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit

Question 11

morpheme

Answer 11

in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word

Question 12

telegraphic speech

Answer 12

early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram using mostly nouns and verbs (go car)

Question 13

linguistic determinism

Answer 13

the strong form of Whorf’s hypothesis- that language controls the way we think and interpret the world around us

Question 14

encoding specificity

Answer 14

the idea that cues and contexts specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it

Question 15

general intelligence

Answer 15

according to spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task no an intelligence test

Question 16

emotional intelligence

Answer 16

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Question 17

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 17

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

Question 18

fluid intelligence

Answer 18

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood

Question 19

Stanford-Binet

Answer 19

the widely used American revisions of Binet’s original intelligence test

Question 20

normal curve

Answer 20

a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean and fewer and fewer near the extremes

Question 21

reliability

Answer 21

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting

Question 22

validity

Answer 22

the extent to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Question 23

intelligence quotient

Answer 23

defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100.
on contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100