ch 6 pt 1

Question 1

elizabeth kubler ross

Answer 1

she made the 5 stages fo grief outline

Question 2

erik erikson

Answer 2

psychological development of human beings. He coined the phrase identity crisis

Question 3

jean piaget

Answer 3

cognitive development and epistemological view are together called “genetic epistemology”. Piaget placed great importance on the education of children

Question 4

lawernce kohlberg

Answer 4

theory of stages of moral development.

Question 5

lev vygotsky

Answer 5

his work on psychological development in children. He published on a diverse range of subjects, and from multiple views as his perspective changed over the years

Question 6

diana baumrind

Answer 6

clinical and developmental psychologist known for her research on parenting styles and for her critique of the use of deception in psychological research

Question 7

mary ainsworth

Answer 7

her work in the development of the attachment theory. She designed the strange situation procedure to observe early emotional attachment between a child and its primary caregiver

Question 8

adolescence

Answer 8

the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence

Question 9

authoritarian

Answer 9

an extremely strict parenting style. It places high expectations on children with little responsiveness. As a parent, you focus more on obedience, discipline, and control rather than nurturing your child

Question 10

authoritative

Answer 10

the parents are nurturing, responsive, and supportive, yet set firm limits for their children. They attempt to control children’s behavior by explaining rules, discussing, and reasoning. They listen to a child’s viewpoint but don’t always accept it

Question 11

babbling

Answer 11

beginning around 4 months, the stage of speech development in which an infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language

Question 12

concrete operational stage

Answer 12

in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Question 13

permissive parenting

Answer 13

style of child-rearing that features two key traits: being nurturing and warm (which is good for kids), and. being reluctant to impose limits (which is problematic)

Question 14

telegraphic speech

Answer 14

early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—“go car”—using mostly nouns and verbs

Question 15

sensorimotor stage

Answer 15

in Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

Question 16

preoperational stage

Answer 16

in Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

Question 17

formal operational stage

Answer 17

in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

Question 18

object permanence

Answer 18

the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Question 19

egocentrism

Answer 19

in Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view.

Question 20

teratogens

Answer 20

literally, “monster makers”) agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Question 21

scaffold

Answer 21

a framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking

Question 22

imprinting

Answer 22

the process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life

Question 23

secure attachment

Answer 23

demonstrated by infants who comfortably explore environments in the presence of their caregiver, show only temporary distress when the caregiver leaves, and find comfort in the caregiver’s return

Question 24

insecure attachment

Answer 24

demonstrated by infants who display either a clinging, anxious attachment or an avoidant attachment that resists closeness