Chap 18 Integumentary

Question 1

psoriasis

Answer 1

chronic skin condition cells grow too quickly.

Red, white, silver patches, itching, discomfort.

Question 2

shingles

Answer 2

viral, same virus as chickenpox. pain, itching, rashes, fever, chills.

Question 3

tinea

Answer 3

fungal infection. red, scaly patches in ring shape.

Question 4

wart

Answer 4

contagious hard bump caused by virus

Question 5

Skin functions - 4

Answer 5

Covers and protects body
Sensation through nerves
Regulates body temperature
Prevents loss of too much water

Question 6

Functions of integumentary system - 7

Answer 6

Protect internal organs from injury
Protect body against bacteria
Prevent loss of too much water
Regulate body temperature
Respond to heat, cold, pain, pressure, touch
Excrete wastes in sweat
Help with vitamin D production

Question 7

Integumentary changes with aging - 8

Answer 7

Amount of fat and collagen decreases
Elastic fibers lose elasticity
Hair and nail growth slows
Skin becomes drier
Skin becomes thinner and more fragile
Protective fatty tissue layer thins
Hair thins and turns gray
Brown spots may appear on skin

Question 8

Common skin disorders - 10

Answer 8

Burns - 3 degrees
Scabies - mites burrow in skin
Shingles - virus of chickenpox
Wounds - open or closed
Gangrene - death of tissue due to lack of blood flow. Diabetes can.
Eczema - dermatitis. stress, allergies, heredity. Protect and steroid cream
Psoriasis - inherited. creams, shampoos, lotions.
Fungal - jock itch, vaginal yeast, athlete’s foot, tinea. Moist areas.
Warts - virus, contagious. Medication, laser, cut out.
Skin cancer - Asymmetry, Border irregular, Color varies, Diameter generally over 6mm.

Question 9

Lesions - 7

Answer 9

Macules - flat discoloration. freckles.
Papules - raised little round bumps. No pus. Contact dermatitis.
Pustules - raised, filled with pus. acne, boils.
Vesicles - blisters with fluid. Chickenpox.
Wheals - large, raised, irregular. hives.
Hematoma - collection of blood under skin. bruise.
Purpura - small purple spots under skin caused by blood. Senile purpura.

Question 10

Pressure points - 9

Answer 10

Elbows, Knees
Back of neck and head, Shoulder blades
Sacrum, Hips
Ankles, Heels, Toes

Question 11

Pressure Ulcer stages - 5

Answer 11

1- Skin intact but reddens or blue or gray. Color stays after 30 minutes
2- Partial thickness skin loss epi & dermis. Looks like blister or shallow crater.
3- Full thickness skin loss, epi & dermis all gone.Looks like deep crater. Bottom may have yellow dead tissue. May extend to muscle.
4- Full thickness skin loss all layers skin, tissue, possibly muscle, bone, joints, tendons. Necrotic.
Unstageable - intact skin on top but black, cannot tell stage until top removed.

Question 12

Risk factors for pressure ulcers - 5

Answer 12

immobility
Wrinkled linens
crumbs and other irritating objects
Malnutrition and dehydration
Urinary incontinence

Question 13

Preventing pressure ulcers - 13

Answer 13

Report changes in resident's skin
Perform regular skin care, closely observe
Keep skin clean and dry
Assist immobile residents to change position, 2 hours
Ask wheelchair residents to change position frequently
Be careful in transfer
Linens dry, clean, wrinkle free
ROM
Massage skin often if allowed
Use positioning devices
Use pillows to separate skin surfaces
Encourage fluids and good nutrition
Use moisturizers as ordered

Question 14

eczema

Answer 14

Tempory or chronic skin disorder
redness, itching, burning, swelling, cracking, weeping, lesions
Also called dermatitus