Chap 16 Urinary

Question 1

Urinary assessment - 4

Answer 1

COCA
Color - pale yellow
Odor - faint smell
Consistency - 
Amount - about 300ml per hour, 1500-1900 per day

Question 2

Factors affecting urination - 7

Answer 2

Growth&Development-bladder not hold as much, may not empty fully
psychological-privacy,stress,anxiety,fear,anger,depression
Fluid Intake-thirst,ability to remove waste then infection,alcohol,caffeine
Physical Activity&Exercise-bedridden,ailments,sphincter control
Personal habits-position if bedridden
Medications-diuretics
Disorders-fevers,diabetes,UTI,Congestive Heart Failure

Question 3

Calculi

Answer 3

kidney stone

Question 4

Urine specimens methods - 3

Answer 4

Routine
Clean catch / mid-stream
24-hour

Question 5

Ketones

Answer 5

Body produces from fats to provide energy/nutrients when it does not get enough glucose. Could be from not enough insulin, diabetes.

Question 6

Affect on Urinary system due to aging - 4

Answer 6

Kidneys do not filter blood efficiently
Bladder muscle tone weakens
Bladder holds less urine - more frequent urination
Bladder does not empty completely - infection

Question 7

UTI cause and treatment

Answer 7

Bacteria gets into urinary tract. E. coli from GI. Women more often due to shorter urethra
Plenty of water/fluids, cranberry/orange/blueberry to prevent
Antibiotic to treat

Question 8

Chronic Renal Failure CRF cause and treatment

Answer 8

Diabetes, hypertension, chronic UTI, nephritis, some meds.

Dialysis to keep alive. Kidney transplant to cure.

Question 9

End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) cause and treatment

Answer 9

Diabetes

Dialysis always needed. Kidney transplant or hospice to die.

Question 10

Types of incontinence - 5

Answer 10

Stress - sneezing, laughing, coughing, pregnancy
Urge - abrupt urge - can be pregancy
Mixed - urge and stress
Functional - environmental, cognitive, or physical
Overflow - over-distention of bladder

Question 11

Catheters - 3

Answer 11

Straight catheter - inserted to drain, removed after. Also used for specimens
Indwelling catheter - remains for a time. Balloon of water holds in place
Condom catheter - male, external, elastic tape

Question 12

Catheter care guidelines - 10

Answer 12

Wear gloves.
Open/close clamp without touching tip of clamp to anything-pathogens
Do not let catheter drainage spout touch graduate
Make sure drainage bag always lower than hips/bladder
Do not hang bag from bedrail
Keep bag off floor
Keep tubing as straight as possible
Keep genital area clean
When cleaning urinary meatus, one direction away from meatus
Report blood in urine, leaking catheter, filling suddenly or not filling, pain, pressure, odor

Question 13

Urine specimen - 24 hour process

Answer 13

Start a X time, like 7AM
Have resident void but do not collect this sample. Start on empty bladder
Collect all samples and pour into container kept on ice
At 7AM next morning, have resident void and collect this sample.
If any missed, start over.

Question 14

Urine specimen - calculi

Answer 14

Pour all urine through special fine filter - straining

Question 15

Five rights of specimen collection

Answer 15

Right resident
Right specimen
Right container
Right date/time
Right storage/delivery

Question 16

Tests performed on urine - 4

Answer 16

pH
Glucose and ketones - diabetes
Blood
Specific gravity - proper kidney functioning

Question 17

Bladder retraining - 9

Answer 17

Follow plan consistently
Standard precautions
Observe resident elimination habits to predict, keep a record
Offer bedpan or bathroom trip often, before/after long procedures,…
Answer call light promptly
Provide privacy, do not rush
Help with good perineal care
Encourage plenty of fluids
Have resident lean forward slightly to put pressure on bladder