Chap 15 Gastrointestinal

Question 1

Assessment of feces - 4

Answer 1

COCA - Color, Odor, Consistency, Amount

Brown, formed, soft, moist

Question 2

Stoma

Answer 2

Artificial opening in body

Question 3

Colostomy

Answer 3

Surgical opening colon to skin, to allow a downstream portion of colon to heal

Question 4

Gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD

Answer 4

Liquid from stomach backs up into esophagus

Question 5

ileostomy

Answer 5

opening from ileum to outside to allow sm intestines to heal

Question 6

Changes in GI due to aging - 6

Answer 6

Ability to taste decreases
Digestion takes longer, less efficient
Body waste moves more slowly, causes constipation
Difficulty chewing and swallowing
Absorption of vitamins and minerals decreases
Production of saliva and digestive juices decreases

Question 7

Factors affecting defecation - 8

Answer 7

Growth&Development-teeth, saliva, absorb, peristalsis
psychological-privacy,stress,anxiety,fear,anger,depression
Diet-fiber,fats,caffeine
Fluid Intake-thirst,strength&coordination
Physical Activity&Exercise-bedridden,ailments
Personal habits-times of day, after meals, not on back
Medications-antibiotics, pain relievers
Disorders

Question 8

Bedpans - 2

Answer 8

Standard, fracture pan

Question 9

Heartburn Cause and Treatment

Answer 9

Sphincter weakens

antacids, diet, sleep position

Question 10

GERD Cause and Treatment

Answer 10

hiatal hernia, sphincter, slow digestion

Stop smoking/drinking, spicy foods, lose weight, frequent small meals

Question 11

Ulcer Cause and Treatment

Answer 11

Excessive acid secretion, Heliobacter pylori bacteria

Antacids, change in diet

Question 12

Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn’s Disease Cause and Treatment

Answer 12

No know cause

Medication, surgery

Question 13

Diverticulosis, Diverticulitis Cause and Treatment

Answer 13

Low fiber diet

Rest, medication, diet change

Question 14

Flatulence Cause and Treatment

Answer 14

High fiber foods, intolerable (lactose)

Left Lateral position

Question 15

Constipation Cause and Treatment

Answer 15

Too little fluids, poor diet, lack of exercise, medication, disease
Fiber, physical activity, laxative, enema, suppository

Question 16

Diarrhea Cause and Treatment

Answer 16

Infection, microorganisms, irritation foods, medications

BRAT diet, meds

Question 17

Fecal Incontinence Cause and Treatment

Answer 17

Nerve and muscle damage

Diet, meds, training

Question 18

Fecal Impaction Cause and Treatment

Answer 18

Constipation for 5 days, tumors

Enema

Question 19

Hemorrhoids Cause and Treatment

Answer 19

Untreated constipation, straining during defecation, obesity, pregnancy, chronic diarrhea, overuse of laxatives/enemas
More fiber, water. Meds. Sitz baths. Surgery.

Question 20

Enema types - 5

Answer 20

Tap water
Soapsuds
Saline
Commercial
Oil retention

Question 21

Enema position

Answer 21

Sim’s left side, so fluid goes down into sigmoid colon

Question 22

Stool sample - how much

Answer 22

30cc

Question 23

Ostomy is output from GI. Input - 2

Answer 23

Gastrostomy - tube into stomach

Jejunostomy - small intestines

Question 24

Care of Ostomy bag - 6

Answer 24

Standard precautions
Good skin care, hygiene
Remove bag carefully, remove some air first
Check contents for COCA
Clean area, put on new bag and seal tight
Hang down front (vertical) or side (horizontal)

Question 25

Condition

Answer 25

Something wrong, abnormality

Question 26

Stool sample - from where in stool?

Answer 26

Sides (touched colon), not middle

Question 27

Enema depth - 2

Answer 27

Adult and adolescent 2-4 inches

Child 1-2 inches