Chap 15 Gastrointestinal Flashcards
Assessment of feces - 4
COCA - Color, Odor, Consistency, Amount
Brown, formed, soft, moist
Stoma
Artificial opening in body
Colostomy
Surgical opening colon to skin, to allow a downstream portion of colon to heal
Gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD
Liquid from stomach backs up into esophagus
ileostomy
opening from ileum to outside to allow sm intestines to heal
Changes in GI due to aging - 6
Ability to taste decreases
Digestion takes longer, less efficient
Body waste moves more slowly, causes constipation
Difficulty chewing and swallowing
Absorption of vitamins and minerals decreases
Production of saliva and digestive juices decreases
Factors affecting defecation - 8
Growth&Development-teeth, saliva, absorb, peristalsis
psychological-privacy,stress,anxiety,fear,anger,depression
Diet-fiber,fats,caffeine
Fluid Intake-thirst,strength&coordination
Physical Activity&Exercise-bedridden,ailments
Personal habits-times of day, after meals, not on back
Medications-antibiotics, pain relievers
Disorders
Bedpans - 2
Standard, fracture pan
Heartburn Cause and Treatment
Sphincter weakens
antacids, diet, sleep position
GERD Cause and Treatment
hiatal hernia, sphincter, slow digestion
Stop smoking/drinking, spicy foods, lose weight, frequent small meals
Ulcer Cause and Treatment
Excessive acid secretion, Heliobacter pylori bacteria
Antacids, change in diet
Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn’s Disease Cause and Treatment
No know cause
Medication, surgery
Diverticulosis, Diverticulitis Cause and Treatment
Low fiber diet
Rest, medication, diet change
Flatulence Cause and Treatment
High fiber foods, intolerable (lactose)
Left Lateral position
Constipation Cause and Treatment
Too little fluids, poor diet, lack of exercise, medication, disease
Fiber, physical activity, laxative, enema, suppository
Diarrhea Cause and Treatment
Infection, microorganisms, irritation foods, medications
BRAT diet, meds
Fecal Incontinence Cause and Treatment
Nerve and muscle damage
Diet, meds, training
Fecal Impaction Cause and Treatment
Constipation for 5 days, tumors
Enema
Hemorrhoids Cause and Treatment
Untreated constipation, straining during defecation, obesity, pregnancy, chronic diarrhea, overuse of laxatives/enemas
More fiber, water. Meds. Sitz baths. Surgery.
Enema types - 5
Tap water Soapsuds Saline Commercial Oil retention
Enema position
Sim’s left side, so fluid goes down into sigmoid colon
Stool sample - how much
30cc
Ostomy is output from GI. Input - 2
Gastrostomy - tube into stomach
Jejunostomy - small intestines
Care of Ostomy bag - 6
Standard precautions
Good skin care, hygiene
Remove bag carefully, remove some air first
Check contents for COCA
Clean area, put on new bag and seal tight
Hang down front (vertical) or side (horizontal)
Condition
Something wrong, abnormality
Stool sample - from where in stool?
Sides (touched colon), not middle
Enema depth - 2
Adult and adolescent 2-4 inches
Child 1-2 inches