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psychology > Ch.9: Life Span Development > Flashcards

Ch.9: Life Span Development Flashcards

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1
Q

The study of age- related changes in behavior, mental processes, and stages of growth from conception to death

A

Developmental psychology

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2
Q

The continuing influence of hereditary throughout heredity throughout development: age related physical and behavioral changes characteristic of a species

A

Maturation

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3
Q

A time of special sensitivity to specific types of learning which shapes the capacity for future development

A

Critical period

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4
Q

An inherited primitive form of rapid learning in which some infant animals follow and form an attachment to the first moving object they see or hear

A

Imprinting (konrad Lorennz, baby geese)

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5
Q

Discrete and qualitatively different from one another

A

Stages

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6
Q

Gradual but steady and quantitative changes

A

Continuous pattern

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7
Q

emphaze that measurments of personality in childhood are important predictors of adult personality

A

Stability

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8
Q

A research technique that measures individuals of various ages at one point in time and provides information about age difference

A

Cross-sectional design

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9
Q

A research design that measures a single individual or group of individuals over an extended period and gives information about age changes.

A

Longitudinal design

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10
Q

differences that result from specific histories of the age group studied

A

cohorts effect

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11
Q

different age groups

A

cohorts

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12
Q

The three stages of prenatal development are?

A

Germinal period
Embryonic period
Fetal period

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13
Q

From conception to implantation

A

Germinal period

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14
Q

From implantation to 8 weeks

A

Embryonic period

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15
Q

From 8 weeks to birth

A

Fetal period

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16
Q

An environmental agents that causes damages during the prenatal development

A

Teratogen

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17
Q

A combination of birth defects, including organ deformities, and mental, motor, and ratardation, that results from maternal alcohol consumption

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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18
Q

The three key areas of change in earl childhood are

A

Brain development
Motor Development
Sensory and Perceptual development

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19
Q

The biological changes during adolescence that lead to an adult sized body and sexual maturity

A

Puberty

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20
Q

Maturation and hormone secretion cause rapid development of the ovaries,uterus, and vagina and the onset of

A

menstruation (menarche)

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21
Q

Male, the testes, scrotum and penis development, expects his first ejaculation

A

Spermache

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22
Q

Primary sex characteristics are

A

Testes and ovaries

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23
Q

Secondary sex characteristics are

A

Growth of pubic hair, deepening of voice, facial hair

Growth of breast

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24
Q

The cessation of menstrual cycle (woman)

A

menopause

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25
Q

Physical changes such as unexpected weight gain, graying of hair, decrease in libido (men)

A

Andropause,(male climacteric)

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26
Q

Prejudices or discrimination based on physical age

A

Ageism

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27
Q

_______ provided some of the first great demonstrations oh how children develop thinking and reasoning abilities, begins at “primitive” level. KNOWN for STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

A

Jean Piaget

28
Q

The cognitive structures, framework, or blueprints of knowledge, regarding objects, people, and situations which grow and differentiate with experience

A

Schema

29
Q

Applying existing mental patterns(schema) to new informations: new info is then incorporated into existing schemas

A

Assimilation

30
Q

The process of adjusting existing mental patterns (schems) or developing new ones to better fit with new information

A

Accommodation

31
Q

_______ stage: Birth to approximately age 2

Schemas are developed through sensory and motor activities

A

Sensorimotor stage

32
Q

An infant’s recognition that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched

A

Object permanence

33
Q

_______ stage: Roughly ages 2 to 7
Ability to employ significant languageand to think symbolically
Lacks reversibility

A

Preoperational stage

34
Q

Inability to consider another’s point of view

A

Egocentric thinking

35
Q

Believing all things are living, animated

A

Animistic thinking

36
Q

_______ stage: Beginning approximately age 7-11
Child can perform mental operations on concrete objects andunderstand reversibility and conservation, but thinking is tied to concrete, tangible objects and events

A

Concrete operational stage

37
Q

Realizes that changes in shape or appearance can be reversed

A

conservation

38
Q

_____ stage: Beginning around age 11 and older

Can now apply operations to abstract concepts and hypothetical situations

A

Formal operational stage

39
Q

believe the are the center of other’s thoughts and attention

A

Imaginary audience

40
Q

adolescents’ belief that they alone have insights or difficulties that no one understands or experiences

A

Personal fable

41
Q

_______ emphasized the sociocultural influences on a child’s cognitive development

A

Lev Vygotsky

42
Q

Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development, the area between what children can accomplish on their own and what they can accomplish with the help of other who are more competent

A

Zone of proximal development (ZPD)

43
Q

A strong emotional bond with special others that endures over time

A

Attachment

44
Q

the pleasurable, tactile sensations provided by a soft and cuddly parent is a powerful contributor to attachment

A

Contact comfort

45
Q

Mary Ainsworth’s levels of attachment are

A

Secure
Anxious/Ambivalent
Anxious/Avoidant
Disorganized/Disoriented

46
Q

Secure attachment

A

explores and uses mom as safe base
moderate distress on separation from her
happy when she returns

47
Q

Anxious/ Ambivalent attachment

A

very upset when mother leaves

shows mixed emotions when she returns

48
Q

Anxious/Avoidant attachment

A

does not seek closeness or contact with mom

shows little to no emotions

49
Q

Disorganized/ Disoriented

A

confused and exhibits avoidant and ambivalent attachment

50
Q

Four types of parenting style

A

permissive-neglectful
permissive-indulgement
authoritarian
authoritative

51
Q

” i dont care about you or what you do”

A

permissive neglectful

52
Q

“I care about you, and youre free to do what you like”

A

Permissive indulgement

53
Q

” i dont care what you want, just do it my way or else!”

A

Authoritarian

54
Q

“I really care about you, but there are rules and you need to be responsible”

A

Authoritative

55
Q

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

A

Preconventional level
conventional leve;
postconventional level

56
Q

Preconvetional level is based on

A

rewards and punishment

exchange of favors

57
Q

Conventionsl level is based on

A

compliance with the rules

value of society, approval

58
Q

Postconventional level is based on

A

personal developments of right and wrong

abstract principles and values that apply to all situations and societies

59
Q

Erikson’s theory that individuals pass through eight developmental stages, each involving specific crisis that must be succesfully resolved at a particular place in the life span

A

psychosocial stages

60
Q

List the eight stages of psychosocial development

A 
trust/mistrust( birth to 1)
autonomy/shame and doubt (1-3)
initiative/guilt (3-6)
industry/inferiority (6-12)
identity/confusion(12-20)
intimacy/isolation(early adulthood)
generativity/stagnation(middle adult hood)
ego integrity/despair (senior)
61
Q

A psychological and sociocultural phenomenon referring to learned, sex-related thoughts, feelings, and actions of men and women

A

gender

62
Q

A set of learned, societal expectations for thoughts, feelings, and actions considered “appropriate” for men and women, and expressed publicly by the individual

A

Gender roles

63
Q

_________ emphasize the power of the immediate situation and obesrvable behaviors on gender role development by rewards and punishments, and watch and imitate behavior of others

A

Social-learning theorist

64
Q

______ argue that children actively observe, interpret and judge the world around them. GENDER SCHEMAS

A

Cognitive-developmental theorist

65
Q

Exhibiting both masculine and feminine traits

A

Androgyny

psychology (14 decks)

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