Ch. 5: State of Conciousness

Question 1

An organism’s awareness of internal events and of the external environment

Answer 1

Conciousness

Question 2

A mental state, other than ordinary consciousness, that occurs during sleep, dreaming, psychoactive drug use and hypnosis

Answer 2

Alternate state of conciousness

Question 3

A consistent pattern of cyclical bodily activities governed by an internal biological clock that generally occurs on a 24 to 25 hour cycle

Answer 3

Circadian Rhythm

Question 4

In adults hormone is typically release around 10 pm, signaling the body to go to sleep, but in teenagers melatonin isn’t released until

Answer 4

around 1 am

Question 5

Circadian rhythms are regulated by a part of the hypothalamus called the

Answer 5

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 6

Sleep deprivation is associated with

Answer 6

reduced cognitive and motor performance,irritability and mood alterations, weaken immune system, obesity and stress

Question 7

The fifth stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high frequency brain waves, paralysis of large muscles and often dreaming

Answer 7

Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep

Question 8

Stage 1-4 of sleep during which a sleeper does not show rapid eye movements

Answer 8

Non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep

Question 9

Sleep theory that explains how sleep evolved, and that we need to conserve energy and protect ourselves from predators

Answer 9

Adaptation/ protection theory

Question 10

Sleep theory that explains how sleep helps repair and replenish essential chemicals our body

Answer 10

Repair/Restoration Theory

Question 11

Dream theory that has a belief that dreams provide an outlet for unacceptable behaviors

Answer 11

Wish-fulfillment view

Question 12

According to Freud, a dream’s unconscious, hidden meaning transformed into symbols within the dream’s manifest content.

Answer 12

Latent content

Question 13

The surface or remembered story line

Answer 13

Manifest content

Question 14

The perspective that dreams are a by product of random stimulation of the brain cells which attempt to combine into coherent patterns known as dreams

Answer 14

activation-synthesis hypothesis

Question 15

The perspective that dreams are a type of information processing that helps interpret daily experiences and organize them into memories

Answer 15

Cognitive view of dreams

Question 16

Women are more likely to dream about

Answer 16

children, family, and familiar faces, household objects and indoor events

Question 17

men are more likely to dream about

Answer 17

Sex, outdoor events, Strangers, violence

Question 18

True or False Dreams around the world typically include good fortune, and the dreamer is most likely the aggressor

Answer 18

False, mostly misfortune and the victim of aggresion

Question 19

What is Insomnia?

Answer 19

Persistent problem falling asleep, staying asleep or awakening too early

Question 20

What is Narcolepsy?

Answer 20

Sudden, irresistible onset of sleep during wake hours (sleep attack)

Question 21

What is sleep apnea?

Answer 21

A sleep disorder of the upper respiratory system that causes a repeated interruption of breathing during sleep. (loud snoring, and poor quality of sleep)

Question 22

Anxiety- arousing dreams that generally occur near the end of the sleep cycle, during REM sleep

Answer 22

Nightmares

Question 23

A chemical that changes mental processes and conscious awareness, mood, and perception

Answer 23

Psychoactive drugs

Question 24

A drug that binds to a receptor and triggers a response in the cell which mimics or enhances a neurotransmitter’s effect

Answer 24

Agonist drug

Question 25

A drug that blocks a neurotransmitter’s effects

Answer 25

Antagonist drug

Question 26

Drug taking that causes emotional or physical harm to the drug user or others

Answer 26

Drug abuse

Question 27

A condition in which a person feels compelled to use a specific drug or engage in a type of compulsive activity

Answer 27

Addiction

Question 28

The psychological desire or craving to achieve a drug’s effect

Answer 28

Psychological dependence

Question 29

The changes in bodily processes that make a drug necessary for minimal function

Answer 29

Physical dependence

Question 30

The discomfort and distress including physical pain and intense cravings, experienced after stopping the use of an addictive drug

Answer 30

Withdrawal

Question 31

The bodily adjustment to continued use of a drug in which the drug user requires greater dosages to achieve the same effect

Answer 31

Tolerance

Question 32

A drug that decreases bodily processes and overall responsiveness. example are alcohol Rophynol, Xanax. Desired effects, tension reduction, euphoria, relaxation

Answer 32

Depressant

Question 33

A drug that increases the overall activity and general responsiveness. Examples are cocaine, meth, ecstasy, caffeine, and nicotine. Effects: exhilaration, high physical and mental energy, sociability, alertness

Answer 33

Stimulant

Question 34

A drug derived from opium that numbs the sense and relieves pain. Examples morphine, heroin, codeine, oxycodone. Effects: rush of pleasure, pain relief, prevention of withdrawal. After repeated flooding of artificial opiates, the brain eventually reduces or stops the production of its own

Answer 34

Opiates (narcotics)

Question 35

A drug that produces sensory or perceptual distortions. Examples LSD, mescaline,psilocybin, and marijuana Effect heightened aesthetics responses, mild delusions, hallucinations, relaxations

Answer 35

Hallucinogens

Question 36

A group of techniques designed to alter consciousness, believed to enhance self knowledge and well-being through reduced self-awareness

Answer 36

Meditation

Question 37

An alternate state of consciousness characterized by deep relaxation and a trance-like state heightened suggestibility and intense focus

Answer 37

hypnosis