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psychology > Ch.10: Motivation and Emotion > Flashcards

Ch.10: Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

A set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward some goal

A

motivation

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2
Q

The three major theories motivation fall into are

A

Biological
pyschological
biopsychological

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3
Q

______ proposed that humans had numerous instincts, such as repulsion, curiosity, and self-assertiveness

A

William McDougall

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4
Q

Fixed, unlearned response patterns found in almost all members of a species

A

Instinct

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5
Q

The theory that motivation begins with a physiological need that elicits a drive toward behavior that will satisfy the original need;once the need is met, a state of balanced (homeostasis) is restored and motivation decreases

A

Drive reduction theory

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6
Q

The body’s tendency to maintain a relatively balanced and stable internal state, such as a constant internal temperature

A

Homeostasis

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7
Q

The theory that organisms are motivated to achieve and maintain an optimal level of arousal

A

Optimal-arousal theory

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8
Q

The theory that motivation results from external stimuli that “pull” an organism in certain directions

A

Incentive theory

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9
Q

Cognitive theories, motivation is directly affected by ______ or the ways in which we interpret or think about our own and other’s actions

A

Attributions

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10
Q

______ or what we believe or assume will happen

A

Expectancies

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11
Q

________ believed we all have numerous needs that compete for fulfillment but some needs are more important than others

A

Abraham Maslow

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12
Q

Maslow’s view that basic human motives form a hierarchy, the lower motives must be met before advancing to higher needs

A

Hierarchy of needs

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13
Q

The humanistic term for the inborn drive to develop all one’s talents and capabilities

A

Self-Actualization

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14
Q

Order of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs top to bottom

A 
Physiological need (food, water, sex)
Safety needs (protecetion, secure)
Belonging and love( acceptance, affection)
Esteem needs ( approval, achieve)
Self-Actualization needs ( ones own potential)
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15
Q

_______ the heat generated in response to food ingestion

A

Thermogenesis

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16
Q

______ regulate eating, drinking, and body temperature

A

hypothalamus

17
Q

______ stimulates eating while _____ creates feeling feelings of satiation (fullness)

A

lateral hypothalamus & Vetromedial hypothalamus

18
Q

Having a body mass index of 30 or above base on height and weight

A

Obesity

19
Q

An eating disorder characterized by severe loss of weight resulting from self-imposed starvation and an obsessive fear of obesity

A

Aneroxia Nervosa

20
Q

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large quantities of food (bingeing), followed by self-induced vomiting or laxative use (purging)

A

Bulimia Nervosa

21
Q

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large amounts of food in a discrete period of time, while feeling a lack of control, but not followed by purge behaviors

A

Binge-eating disorder

22
Q

The desire to excel, especially in competition with others

A

Achievement motivation

23
Q

Masters and Johnson’s description of the four stage bodily response to sexual arousal, which consist of excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

A

Sexual Response Cycle

24
Q

A primary erotic attraction toward members of the same, diff, both sex

A

Sexual orientation

25
Q

A negative attitude toward an individual because of her or his sexual orientation

A

Sexual prejudice

26
Q

Motivation for a task or activity based on external rewards or threats of punishment

A

Extrinsic motivation

27
Q

Motivation for a task or activity based on internal, personal satisfaction

A

Intrinsic motivation

28
Q

A complex pattern of feelings that includes arousal, cognition, and expressive behaiviors

A

Emotion

29
Q

Three component of emotions are

A

Biological, cognitive, and behavioral

30
Q

A part of the limbic system structure linked to the production and regulation of emotions

A

Amygdala

31
Q

Duchenne smile is described as a

A

real smile

32
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

Stimulus>physiological arousal>emotion:fear

33
Q

Cannon-Brad Theory

A

Stimulus>thalamus relays info> Physiological arousal and fear

34
Q

Two-factor theory (Schachter and Singer)

A

stimulus>physiological arousal>label “im Scared”> FEAR

35
Q

The hypothesis that movements of the facial muscles produce and or intensify our subjective experience of emotion

A

Facial-Feedback hypothesis

36
Q

An instrument that measures sympathetic arousal to detect emotional arousal, which in turn supposedly reflects lying versus truthfulness

A

Polygraph

psychology (14 decks)

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