Ch.10: Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
A set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward some goal
motivation
The three major theories motivation fall into are
Biological
pyschological
biopsychological
______ proposed that humans had numerous instincts, such as repulsion, curiosity, and self-assertiveness
William McDougall
Fixed, unlearned response patterns found in almost all members of a species
Instinct
The theory that motivation begins with a physiological need that elicits a drive toward behavior that will satisfy the original need;once the need is met, a state of balanced (homeostasis) is restored and motivation decreases
Drive reduction theory
The body’s tendency to maintain a relatively balanced and stable internal state, such as a constant internal temperature
Homeostasis
The theory that organisms are motivated to achieve and maintain an optimal level of arousal
Optimal-arousal theory
The theory that motivation results from external stimuli that “pull” an organism in certain directions
Incentive theory
Cognitive theories, motivation is directly affected by ______ or the ways in which we interpret or think about our own and other’s actions
Attributions
______ or what we believe or assume will happen
Expectancies
________ believed we all have numerous needs that compete for fulfillment but some needs are more important than others
Abraham Maslow
Maslow’s view that basic human motives form a hierarchy, the lower motives must be met before advancing to higher needs
Hierarchy of needs
The humanistic term for the inborn drive to develop all one’s talents and capabilities
Self-Actualization
Order of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs top to bottom
Physiological need (food, water, sex) Safety needs (protecetion, secure) Belonging and love( acceptance, affection) Esteem needs ( approval, achieve) Self-Actualization needs ( ones own potential)
_______ the heat generated in response to food ingestion
Thermogenesis
